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The evolution of the large swords of war into the Knightly longsword can first be seen as a distinct group in the swords of Oakeshotts Type XIIa and XIIIa. Early depictions of a sword in two hands show swords such as the A&A Hungarian Sword used to deliver these blows. A nonce attestation of "long-sword" in the sense of "heavy two-handed sword" is found in, Systematic use of the term only from 2001 beginning with, Oakeshott's Typology of the Medieval Sword A Summary, "Medieval and Renaissance Fencing Terminology", "Study of the Destructive Capabilities of the European Longsword", "The Two-Handed Great Sword Making lite of the issue of weight", "Oakeshott's Typology of the Medieval Sword: A Summary", Halflang and Tua Handit: Hand-and-a-Half and Two-Handed Scottish Swords, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Longsword&oldid=1141836737, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox weapon with unknown parameters, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Types XIIa and XIIIa represent the Great Sword or War Sword type used in the later 13th and in the 14th century. From the late 15th century, however, it is also attested as being worn and used by unarmoured soldiers or mercenaries. ; M. Rector, Trans.). Most feel they were blades that could be used either one or two handed (much like the longsword pictured), and sometimes the term hand and a half sword is also used interchangeably. This type of sword was first developed in Europe in the 15th century and reflected the emergence of asymmetric guards, which made a two-edged blade somewhat redundant. They have a 2 inch guard width and 0.24 inch guard thickness. 3 lb. Scabbard. The long hilt 10-15 inches in length mainly distinguishes the bastard sword from other medieval swords. Optimized for armored combat, their blades were steeply pointed, suggesting that their primary function was to pierce armor. These swords were what we today call a "Hand and a Half" sword, or rather swords that can be utilized for either one-handed or two-handed use. It is ideal for HEMA study - recreating the longswords from Fiore, Talhoffer, etc. Includes a leather belt frog and scabbard with belt stop. The hand could grip above or below the half-grip, or directly at the middle. Use of the two-handed Great Sword or Schlachtschwert by infantry (as opposed to their use as a weapon of mounted and fully armoured knights) seems to have originated with the Swiss in the 14th century. Hand-and-a-half swords initially had a plain crossguard but later featured extensive hand guards. [25] The term passot comes from the fact that these swords passed (passaient) the length of a "normal" short sword. They were hybrid swords that enabled blows to be delivered with the power of a two-handed sword but could also be wielded with one hand. [17][18] Use of the longsword in attack was not limited only to use of the blade, however, as several Fechtbcher explain and depict use of the pommel and cross as offensive weapons. Dao are single-edged Chinese swords, primarily used for slashing and chopping. Bastard medieval swords, also known as hand-and-a-half swords, are surprisingly diverse weapons. However they mainly saw prominence outside the battlefield as a duelling weapon. [30] However, George Silver and Joseph Swetnam refer to them merely as "two hande sworde". . Terminology was further complicated by terms introduced[1] or misinterpreted[2][3][4] in the 19th century by antiquarians and in 20th century pop culture,[5] and by the addition of new terms such as "great sword", "Zweihnder" (instead of Beidhnder), and "cut-and-thrust sword". 2023, Arms & Armor The grip of the hand and a half sword was long enough to accommodate one hand or two hands when used in combat. Hilt length: 34 cm (13 3/8") Pommel Length: 6.2 cm (2 7/16 in.) Special, versatile (1d8) The middle ground between an arming sword and a longsword --sometimes called a "hand and a half sword"-- this blade's hilt is short enough to be used in one hand while also being long enough to warrant two hands if needed though it isn't as effective as a longsword . The backsword blade was cheaper to manufacture than a two-edged blade. A bastard sword or hand-and-a-halfer[1] are swords which fall between the longsword or broadsword and the two-handed greatsword in size. [5], The term "hand-and-a-half sword" is relatively modern (from the late 19th century);[6] In the Oakeshott typology of blade morphology, "longswords" figure as a range of sub-types of the corresponding single-handed sword types.[16]. Would a sword with a long handle, but a shorter blade (like an arming sword) be a "bastard" neither being a one nor two handed sword? 44. It was through students of Liechtenauer, like Sigmund Ringeck, who transcribed the work into more understandable prose[20] that the system became notably more codified and understandable. An Italian Two-Hand Sword First Half Of The 16th Century. Weight: 50oz Blade Thickness: 1/5" Blade Length: 33-1/2" Blade Steel: 1060 Carbon Handle Length/Material: 12" Overall Length: 45-1/2" Additional Features: Leather / Wood Scabbard with Steel Fittings. 15th Century. . While slashing attacks were still moderately effective against infantry wearing half-plate armour, cutting and slicing attacks against an opponent wearing plate armour were almost entirely ineffective in providing any sort of slashing wound as the sword simply could not cut through the steel, although a combatant could aim for the chinks in a suit of armour, sometimes to great effect. Bastard swords are also known as hand-and-a-half swords, falling between the longsword and greatsword in length. The hand-and-a-half sword falls somewhere in between the one-handed and two-handed weapons. The waisted grip, featuring a wider center tapering toward the pommel, allowed better control of the weapon. At the most basic level a longsword, also often known as a hand-and-a-half sword or a Bastard Sword, is a double-edged European sword, often with a cruciform hilt, that is capable of being used in either one hand or two. $440. They had handles of roughly 17 to 25 centimeters (7 to 10 inches), excluding pommels, and weighed about 3 to 4 pounds. And this is why it remains a popular sword type even after all of those years. Fine secolo XIV Lunghezza totale cm 108. Its blade range from 33 to 41 inches in length. Hand-and-a-Half (26) Length. Tony Willis, "A Pair of Scottish Swords", Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of premodern combat weapons Swords, "Pappenheimer | Define Pappenheimer at Dictionary.com", "SOCIETY:: WEAPONS:: THRUSTING AND CUTTING WEAPONS [1] image - Visual Dictionary Online", "Search Chambers - Free English Dictionary", "A Perfect Length II: The Longsword | Encased in Steel", "Sword types in prize playing - The Association for Renaissance Martial Arts", "The Raymond J. Lord Collection of Historical Combat Treatises and fencing manuals: Terms of Use", "dictionary:: Panzerstecher [Blankwaffe]:: German-English translation", "Philadelphia Museum of Art - Collections Object: Tuck (Panzerstecher)", "Hermann Historica - Internationales Auktionshaus fr Antiken, Alte Wa", "Glossaire archologique du Moyen Age et de la Renaissance", "Ethnographic Arms & Armour - Article: Notes on development of modern sabers - Role of Eastern Europe & the Hussars", "Stradioti: Balkan Mercenaries In Fifteenth And Sixteenth Century Italy", "estradiot: dfinition de estradiot, citations, exemples et usage pour estradiot dans le dictionnaire de franais Littr adapt du grand dictionnaire de la langue franaise d'Emile Littr", Best and most powerful martial arts, fight science, Top Quality Bokken/ Katana Sword available for Martial Arts training, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Classification_of_swords&oldid=1128493319, Articles that may contain original research from October 2012, All articles that may contain original research, Articles with disputed statements from August 2013, Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2012, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text, Articles containing Yue Chinese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014, Articles with self-published sources from August 2022, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles containing Old High German (ca. However, the grete war sword should not be confused with the extremely large great swords of the Renaissance that required the use of two hands. So, what benefits (if any) does a hand-and-a-half sword offer? A longsword (also spelled as long sword or long-sword) is a type of European sword characterized as having a cruciform hilt with a grip for primarily two-handed use (around 15 to 30 cm or 6 to 12 in), a straight double-edged blade of around 80 to 110 cm (31 to 43 in), and weighing approximately 1 to 1.5 kg (2 lb 3 oz to 3 lb 5 oz).. NE This is the classic one-handed sword used by knights and was often used in conjunction with a shield. It is considered possible for strong blows of the sword against plate armour to damage the blade of the sword, potentially rendering it much less effective at cutting and producing only a concussive effect against the armoured opponent. The grete war sword, also called epee de guerre or great sword, was an earlier type of longsword used throughout most of western Europe. Many different swords fall into this category and many of them are as maneuverable as they are surprisingly sturdy. Hand-and-a-half swords can be used with one or both hands as needed in combat. For example, 'longsword' is related to the German 'langshwert', and 'bastard sword' from the French 'pe btarde',but they all refer to the same basic form, a double edged sword with a grip large enough to be used with two hands. Two-handed swords, on the other hand, are long and heavy, making them particularly effective at dealing critical blows. A longsword, hand and a half sword or bastard sword is a long, symmetrical sword with a cruciform (cross-shaped) hilt, and a double-edged blade tapered to a sharp point for thrusting. Hand and a half swords is a modern term to describe bastard swords but it is used in reference to long swords. [5]:133[15] This hand-and-half sword has a sharpened, darkened 1065 high carbon steel blade with an extra-wide tang. The long grip gives the wielder plenty of leverage to maneuver the sword quickly and to strike decisively. [27][28][29][self-published source? According to the book titled "Exhibition of the Royal House of Tudo," hand-and-a-half sword is a relatively new term that just recently appeared beginning in the latter half of the 19th century. Honestly, your best bet for undestanding the dimensions of a historically accurate sword would be to have a look at museum pieces and moder. The weapon was used in the half-sword, with one or both hands on the blade. The term "hand-and-a-half sword" is modern (late 19th century). When wielded two-handed, they become brutally effective slashing or chopping weapons. Non-sharpened. Minneapolis Minnesota They had handles of roughly 17 to 25 centimeters (7 to 10 inches), excluding pommels, and weighed about 3 to 4 pounds. Type XX blades are broad, with lenticular or octagonal cross-sections. The half-swording technique was essential in armored combat, as most cutting and slashing blows will not cause enough damage to an iron or steel plate. These blades are strongly tapered, more narrow and slender even than the single-handed type XV variant, with a flattened diamond cross-section. Sword hangers are knotted onto the scabbard with strips of leather, and they can be adjusted to fit and angle with a pair of brass screws. It is uncertain whether the same term could still be used to other types of smaller swords, but antiquarian usage in the 19th century established the use of "bastard sword" as referring unambiguously to these large swords. The French pe btarde and the English "bastard sword" originate in the 15th or 16th century, originally in the general sense of "irregular sword, sword of uncertain origin", but by the mid-16th century could refer to exceptionally large swords. The blade could be the same length as a single-hand sword but the tang and the grip . Hand-and-a-half swords varied in their blade length, usually ranging from 88 to 100 centimeters (35 to 40 inches). Leadingthe research, replication and understanding ofarms and armor for over 37 years, creating exceptional items for those who appreciate history and its material culture. The term "hand-and-a-half sword" is modern (late 19th century). It allowed more accurate and powerful thrusts against armored opponents. The blade could range between 0.5 and 1m (1ft 8in and 3ft 3in) long while the handle was usually between 18 and 20cm (7 and 8in). The hand-and-a-half sword was a balanced weapon that enabled one to use it with one or both hands. The Oakeshott Type XVa is among the most common types of hand-and-a-half swords displayed in museums, including the Black Prince Sword, believed to be wielded by Edward, Prince of Wales. Blade Length: 107.3 cm (42 1/4 in.) Longswords have straight, double-edged blades and are small enough to be drawn from the belt. [citation needed] The height of the small sword's popularity was between the mid-17th and late 18th century. The lack of significant torso and limb protection leads to the use of a large amount of cutting and slicing techniques in addition to thrusts. Sword 5 - 15th Century Hand and a Half Sword. Tweet Share Google+ Pinterest . Some had broad parallel edges to those with acute tapers from the guard to a spike like point and many variations in between. The 19cm grip is constructed from timber, covered in faux leather with a sewn seam which is then cord wrapped for extra strength. [21] Others provided similar work, some with a wide array of images to accompany the text.[22]. In terms of weight, a typical hand-and-a-half sword weighed roughly 2.4 to 4 pounds (1.1 to 1.8 kg). Here are the unique characteristics of hand-and-a-half swords: Historical hand-and-a-half sword blades were often made of a single piece of steel and were hardened by quenching. Most hand-and-a-half swords had a diamond cross-section with a central ridge, creating a more rigid blade and specialized anti-armor tip for thrusting. The hand-and-a-half swords had long, slender blades and sharp points that could penetrate the gaps in the opponents armor. Distinct "bastard sword" hilt types developed during the first half of the 16th century. Harnischfechten, or "armoured fighting" (German kampffechten, or Fechten in Harnisch zu Fuss, literally "fighting in armour on foot"), depicts fighting in full plate armour.[25]. Posted by Will Cruse on 23rd Oct 2022 Cool and does the job. [24] The pe de passot was the sidearm of the franc-archers (French or Breton bowmen of the 15th and 16th centuries). These terms were often described in relation to other unrelated weapons, without regard to their intended use and fighting style. In medieval fight books, the crossguard and pommel can be used for striking. HEMA practitioners also use steel swords with unsharpened blades designed to bend in the thrust. We will respect your privacy.