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Damascus (Syria, also called Aram) threshed Gilead. Help us purchase electrical generators for churches. Stated differently, the cities/nations would not be judged merely because of one transgression or even two. As good people, by the grace of God, do, through each act done by aid of that grace, gain an addition to their everlasting reward, so the wicked, by each added sin, add to their damnation. And he said, The LORD will roar from Zion, and utter his voice from Jerusalem; and the habitations of the shepherds shall mourn, and the top of Carmel shall wither. Benhadad promised to restore the cities which his father had taken from Israel, and to make an Israel-quarter in Damascus 1 Kings 20:34. From the standpoint of the synergistic point of view of Sanders,Dunn,and Wright. Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers, Keil and Delitzsch Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament. This space rather became the center of its dominions, than measured their extent. 2 Kings 10:32,33 In those days the LORD began to cut Israel short: and Hazael smote them in all the coasts of Israel; . because they have threshed Gilead with threshing sledges of iron. But it supported a population far beyond what that space would maintain in Europe. Isaiah 17:1 The burden of Damascus. The bar would secure the gate or the door to prevent outsiders from entering to hurt the residents of the city. Many factors can control the time it takes for the crop to ripen. The identification of the sin becomes the key element of the oracle itself with its subsequent consequence. This was done by Hazael king of Syria, who is said to destroy the people, and make them "like the dust by threshing", 2 Kings 10:32. January 9, 2013 at 8:31 am and is filed under Biblical Texts. They each follow the same rhetorical pattern. Amos 1:3-5 (ESV) Thus says the LORD: "For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not revoke the punishment, because they have threshed Gilead with threshing sledges of iron. A Disciple Seeking to Follow Jesus into the World for the Sake of the World to the Glory of God, because they carried into exile a whole people to deliver them up to Edom (1:6), because they delivered up a whole people to Edom and did not remember the covenant of brotherhood. (1:9), Amos 1:3-10 Amos Addresses Damascus, Gaza and Tyre, Theological Hermeneutics IV Exploring the Story, Thomas Flemings Disease in the Public Mind, Jesus Suffers: Garden, Via Dolorosa, and Cross, Jesus Serves: Temple, Template, and Table, because they have threshed Gilead with threshing sledges of iron (1:3). All the blood of all the prophets and servants of God under the Old Testament came upon that generation. And great crowds gathered about him, so that he got into a boat and sat down. Its white buildings, embedded in the deep green of its engirdling orchards, were like diamonds encircled by emeralds. What Does the Bible Say About Depression and Hopelessness? Of the three on the south side, one is led to the populous village Daraya, five miles distant; the other two supply the city, its suburbs, and gardens., The like use was made of every fountain in every larger or lesser plain. Future Assyrian campaigns will do just that in the 740s-720s BCE. with threshing sledges of iron. For a long time, these stories worked without much thought or explanation. Such atrocities would not be unknown in the ancient world. Blessed shall be the fruit of your womb and the fruit of your ground and the fruit of your cattle, the increase of your herds and the young of your flock. Chelub, the brother of Shuhah, fathered Mehir, who fathered Eshton. Other seeds fell on rocky ground, where they did not have much soil, and immediately they sprang up, since they had no depth of soil, Genesis 1:12 The earth brought forth vegetation, plants yielding seed according to their own kinds, and trees bearing fruit in which is their seed, each according to its kind. The region known as Gilead, the Transjordan area of Israel, was claimed by Damascus as well as Ammon. Before this, Scripture speaks of the people only of Damascus, not of their kings. There Elisha announces the coming death of Ben-hadad but weeps over the future that Hazael will bring to Israel. This was to prevent the earth from again being filled with violence (Genesis 6:11). This was apparently a common practice in that region (cf. <-144 , . As such, patience is a required virtue for a farmer. , Job 24:10 They go about naked, without clothing; hungry, they carry the sheaves;Psalm 35:5 Let them be like chaff before the wind, with the angel of theLorddriving them away!Job 21:18 That they are like straw before the wind, and like chaff that the storm carries away?1 Chronicles 21:23 Then Ornan said to David, Take it, and let my lord the king do what seems good to him. Extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra: Ingemit; et, duplicis tendens ad sidera palmas, Talia voce refert: O terque quaterque beatif, Queis ante ora patrum Trojae sub moenibus altis, "Struck with unusual fright, the Trojan chief. 5 I will p break the gate-bar of l Damascus, and cut off the inhabitants from the Valley of q Aven, 4. and him who holds the scepter from r Beth-eden; Nevertheless, among those that chew the cud or part the hoof, you shall not eat these: The camel, because it chews the cud but does not part the hoof, is unclean to you. He who plants and he who waters are one, and each will receive his wages according to his labor. For the prophet had no mission to them; he only declares to Israel the ground of the visitation which was to come upon them. Fire is used symbolically for Gods judgment, which would fall on the house of Hazael and the citadels of Ben-hadad. 1 Samuel 27:8-12). Tyre also sent whole communities into slavery. Damascus was already the chief city, through its relation to which alone Hobah was known. They sent them into captivity (or exile). Kimchi thinks that this respects four particular seasons, in which Damascus, or the Syrians, evilly treated and distressed the people of Israel; first in the times of Baasha; then in the times of Ahab; a third time in the days of Jehoahaz the son of Jehu; and the fourth in the times of Ahaz; and then they were punished for them all: because they have threshed Gilead with threshing instruments of iron; that is. Taught by the face of creation around them, where the course of every tiny rivulet, as it burst from the rocks, was marked by a rich luxuriance, the Damascenes of old availed themselves of the continual supply from the snows of Hermon or the heights of Anti-libanus, with a systematic diligence, of which, in our northern clime, as we have no need, so we have no idea. To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient, for three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not turn away, because they have threshed Gilead with threshing instruments of iron, I will not turn away the punishment thereof -, Because they have threshed Gilead with threshing instruments of iron -, For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four -, , . Here in Amos, we see that the people of Damascus rebelled against the LORD because they threshed Gilead with implements of sharp iron. 70413 lego - Der TOP-Favorit unserer Produkttester. , Deuteronomy 28:8 TheLordwill command the blessing on you in your barns and in all that you undertake. Certainly Hadadezer stands cut conspicuously; the Damascenes are mentioned only subordinately. Does a snare spring up from the ground, when it has taken nothing? Silence is often more emphatic than words. 2 Chronicles 21:16-17)and removed them to Edom (which is located southeast of Judah). The river, says William of Tyre, having abundant water, supplies orchards on both banks, thick-set with fruit-trees, and flows eastward by the city wall. Then our mouth was filled with laughter, and our tongue with shouts of joy; then they said among the nations, TheLordhas done great things for them. TheLordhas done great things for us; we are glad. You shall have them for food.Proverbs 20:4 The sluggard does not plow in the autumn; he will seek at harvest and have nothing.Proverbs 21:5 The plans of the diligent lead surely to abundance, but everyone who is hasty comes only to poverty.Ecclesiastes 11:6 In the morning sow your seed, and at evening withhold not your hand, for you do not know which will prosper, this or that, or whether both alike will be good.Matthew 13:1-10 That same day Jesus went out of the house and sat beside the sea. Neglect a relationship and just like a field left unplowed, weeds will overrun everything and whatever was planted will die. I will break the gate bars of Damascus, and cut off the inhabitants from the Valley of Aven, and the one who holds the scepter . Amos 1:3 - Thus says the Lord: "For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not revoke the punishment, because they have threshed Gilead with threshing sledges of iron." Leviticus 19:9-10 - " When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap your field right up to its edge, neither shall you gather the . But in the fifth year you may eat of its fruit, to increase its yield for you: I am theLordyour God., 1 Corinthians 3:6 I planted, Apollos watered, but God gave the growth.Leviticus 26:1-5 You shall not make idols for yourselves or erect an image or pillar, and you shall not set up a figured stone in your land to bow down to it, for I am theLordyour God. He condemns violent aggression (perhaps even torture and wanton killing), enslavement of populations, and the slave trade. All time was measured by seven. Of a foreigner you may exact it, but whatever of yours is with your brother your hand shall release. You will be challenged and encouraged to be one who is firmly . Will the sun really be turned to darkness and the moon to blood (Joel 2:31). Article Images Copyright 2023 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. Here in Amos, we see that the people of Damascus rebelled against the LORD because they threshed Gilead with implements of sharp iron. U Let the nations who have ears to hear, hear what the Spirit through Amos says to the nations. God stated that He would also break the gate bar of Damascus. The white wool Ezekiel 27:18, in which it traded with Tyre, implies the possession of a large outlying tract in the desert, where the sheep yield the whitest wool. 1:1). This is Judahs traditional enemy on its southwest border. The consequences, however, are essentially the samefire will burn destroy the cities/citadels (1:7, 10, 12). , John 4:35 Do you not say, There are yet four months, then comes the harvest? The LORD pronounces judgment on the inhabitants of Damascus because they slaughtered the people of Gilead. It is still the capital of modern Syria today. of 4 n So I will send a fire upon the house of o Hazael, and it shall devour the strongholds of o Ben-hadad. Before they call I will answer; while they are yet speaking I will hear., 2 Chronicles 24:1-26:23 Joash was seven years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. Seeking the Gospel in Malachi, the Last Book of the Old Testament. Isaiah 7:8 For the head of Syria is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin; and within threescore and five years shall Ephraim be broken, that it be not a people. If Amoss preaching bears witness to his insistence that nations need to acknowledge their sin, should not our preaching do the same? Whom hate devoured, and fraud, hard pressing on, And so the ancient oracle quoted by Pausanias Achaic., lib. The oracles against the nations are intricately structured. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ). L Isaiah 23:8). If this promise was fulfilled, Ramoth-Gilead must have been lost to Syria at an earlier period, since, three years afterward, Ahab perished in an attempt, by aid of Jehoshaphat, against the counsels of God, to recover it 2 Kings 7:6. 2:694. Elisha had foretold to Hazael his cruelty to Israel; Their strong holds thou wilt set on fire, and their young men wilt thou slay with the sword, and wilt dash their children, and rip up their women with child 2 Kings 8:12. Your clothing did not wear out on you and your foot did not swell these forty years. We need only look at the history of nations, including the United States, to know that these kinds of atrocities have happened over and over. Your threshing shall last to the time of the grape harvest, and the grape harvest shall last to the time for sowing. David had had, for some cause unexplained by Holy Scripture, to inflict it on the Ammonites 2 Samuel 12:31; 1 Chronicles 20:3. Frequently threshing sledges (28:27) made of wood (2 Sam. The house of Hazael referred to any of the descendants of Hazael, including Ben-hadad. 16:9). In the morning sow your seed, and at evening withhold not your hand, for you do not know which will prosper, this or that, or whether both alike will be good., Isaiah 32:20 Happy are you who sow beside all waters, who let the feet of the ox and the donkey range free.Matthew 6:26 Look at the birds of the air: they neither sow nor reap nor gather into barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. And he said: The Lord roars from Zion and utters his voice from Jerusalem; the pastures of the shepherds mourn, and the top of Carmel withers. Thus says the Lord: For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not revoke the punishment, because they have threshed Gilead with threshing sledges of iron. Copyright 2023, Bible Study Tools. Gaza sent whole communities into exile to Edom. The fact that his chief and confidential servant whom he entrusted to seek a wife for Isaac, and who was, at one time, his heir, was a Damascene Genesis 15:2-3, implies some intimate connection of Abraham with Damascus. Lastly and nearest of all, it falls on Judah, who had the true worship of the true God among them, but despised it. "because they have threshed Gilead with threshing sledges of iron" (1:3) "because they carried into exile a whole people to deliver them up to Edom" (1:6) "because they delivered up a whole people to Edom and did not remember the covenant of brotherhood." (1:9) 1. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson. And God saw that the light was good. Gods mercy holds back the punishment long, allowing only some slight tokens of His displeasure to show themselves, that the sinful soul or people may not be unwarned. , Ruth 2:7 She said, Please let me glean and gather among the sheaves after the reapers. So she came, and she has continued from early morning until now, except for a short rest.1 Chronicles 4:10-41 Jabez called upon the God of Israel, saying, Oh that you would bless me and enlarge my border, and that your hand might be with me, and that you would keep me from harm so that it might not bring me pain! And God granted what he asked. 2Kings 10:32-33.). Joel 3:4-8; Ezekiel 27:13). It was on the route by which Abraham himself came at Gods command from Haran (Charrae of the Greeks) whether over Tiphsaeh (the passage, Thapsacus) or anymore northern passage over the Euphrates. The authority of Aram will end here as well. This handy resource allows the reader to quickly summarize or review all the pertinent details about any Old Testament book. Weeds have to be removed, the land watered, and fertilizer added. And God saw that it was good., John 15:1 I am the true vine, and my Father is the vinedresser.Hosea 10:12 Sow for yourselves righteousness; reap steadfast love; break up your fallow ground, for it is the time to seek theLord, that he may come and rain righteousness upon you.1 Corinthians 3:6-9 I planted, Apollos watered, but God gave the growth. The area has been calculated at 236 square geographical miles. Threshing-sledges with iron (or basalt) are large boards (73 feet usually) pulled by oxen to separate the grain from the chaff. D On the west and north the city was far and wide fenced by orchards, like thick dense woods, which stretched four or live miles toward Libanus. Chedorlaomer and the four kings with him, doubtless, came that way, since the first whom they smote were at Ashteroth Karnaim Genesis 14:5-6 in Jaulan or Gaulonitis, and thence they swept on southward, along the west side of Jordan, smiting, as they went, first the Zuzim, (probably the same as the Zamzummim Deuteronomy 2:2 O) in Ammonitis; then the Emim in the plain of Kiriathaim in Moab Genesis 14:15. 14-15) The city named Damascus was the capital of the nation of Aram during the 10th through 8th centuries BC. If you walk in my statutes and observe my commandments and do them, then I will give you your rains in their season, and the land shall yield its increase, and the trees of the field shall yield their fruit. This rhetorical pattern stresses the sin and the consequence. The word transgression refers to acts of rebellion committed against someone in authority, such as when Israel rebelled against the house of David (1 Kgs. Matthew 13:18 Hear then the parable of the sower:Ruth 2:17 So she gleaned in the field until evening. (Comp. a aq as _ \\ \ \ \ ss ce ake i arthur s. phelps his booke god give him grace. The covenant of brothers probably refers to a treaty between nations whether imposed (as upon a vassal) or negotiated. Get our Question of the Week delivered right to your inbox! Beginning with Damascus, Amos stated, Thus says theLord, Forthree transgressions ofDamascus and for four, I will notrevoke itspunishment. As mentioned earlier, the statement thus says the LORD tells the reader that the message of Amos originated from God. Hazael extended his conquests to Gath 2 Kings 12:17, intending probably to open a connecting line with Egypt. 5 I will break down the gate of Damascus; I will destroy the king who is in the Valley of Avenand the . Thus says the Lord: "For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not revoke the punishment, because they have threshed Gilead with threshing sledges of iron. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Of old it was said, the Chrysorrhoas (the Barada) is nearly expended in artificial channels.: Damascus is fertile through drinking up the Chrysorrhoas by irrigation. Fourteen names of its canals are still given; and while it has been common to select 7 or 8 chief canals, the whole have been counted up even to 70. Turn away . Here, Damascus represents the entire nation of Aram (or Syria). , Proverbs 12:11 Whoever works his land will have plenty of bread, but he who follows worthless pursuits lacks sense.Isaiah 65:22-24 They shall not build and another inhabit; they shall not plant and another eat; for like the days of a tree shall the days of my people be, and my chosen shall long enjoy the work of their hands. The stream thus collected is led off to a lower level, where it comes to the surface. In ancient Israel, gates and doors were usually locked with a bar made of wood or metal that slid into openings in the posts. These are the men of Recah. English Standard Version. The punishment is first denounced upon their enemies, and that, for their sins, directly or indirectly, against themselves, and God in them. Farming, which involves cultivating the land and raising livestock, is a part of agriculture. It was rich in pasture (Numbers 32:1) and famous for its balm (Jeremiah 8:22). An example of Damascuss war against Israel is found in 2 Kings 10 where Hazael [the king of Damascus] defeated them throughout the territory of Israel: from the Jordan eastward, all the land of Gilead, the Gadites and the Reubenites and the Manassites, from Aroer, which is by the valley of the Arnon, even Gilead and Bashan (2 Kgs. They beat down my people in Gilead as grain is threshed with iron sledges. Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not turn away. You shall leave them for the poor and for the sojourner: I am theLordyour God., Genesis 26:12 And Isaac sowed in that land and reaped in the same year a hundredfold. The work is never done. Fewer and fewer of us grew up on farms, and thus, we miss a lot of subtle points Jesus is making in some of His stories. You shall not let your cattle breed with a different kind. Hazael was the king of Damascus in the second half of the ninth century BC, while Ben-hadad was his son and successor (2 Kgs. You shall keep my Sabbaths and reverence my sanctuary: I am theLord. Other poets use the same form of expression. However, at some point, Tyrelike Philistia in the southbetrayed this treaty relationship and enslaved whole Israelite communities. I am enjoying the study and appreciate your effort and willingness to share. 3 Thus says the Lord: For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not revoke the punishment; because they have threshed Gilead with threshing sledges of iron. and four times who were slain, In Atreus' cause, upon the Trojan plain.". These things - Job says, worketh God twice and thrice with man, to bring back his soul from the pit Job 33:29. And the rock badger, because it chews the cud but does not part the hoof, is unclean to you. 5 I will break the gate bars of Damascus, and cut off the inhabitants from the Valley of Aven, and the one who holds the scepter from Beth-eden; The moral majesty of a king is obviously greater than the rest. Here the LORD said He would break the bar to allow Damascuss enemies to enter. Sin in full bloom. 10:3233). TheLordblessed him,Psalm 1:3 He is like a tree planted by streams of water that yields its fruit in its season, and its leaf does not wither. The words of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa, which he saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the earthquake. Many people were farmers or at least very familiar with farming. And God separated the light from the darkness. Geocoding So neither he who plants nor he who waters is anything, but only God who gives the growth. Vv. , ' <-144 , . Will you? Eshton fathered Beth-rapha, Paseah, and Tehinnah, the father of Ir-nahash. Benhadad II had thirty-two vassal kings 1 Kings 20:1, 1 Kings 20:24, (dependent kings like those of Canaan, each of his own city and little territory,) and led them against Samaria, intending to plunder it 1 Kings 20:6-7, and, on occasion of the plundering, probably to make it his own or to destroy it. Sie suchen nach einem 70413 lego, das Ihren Ansprchen gerecht wird? All the fields have to be checked. You shall not sow your field with two kinds of seed, nor shall you wear a garment of cloth made of two kinds of material.Isaiah 17:10-11 For you have forgotten the God of your salvation and have not remembered the Rock of your refuge; therefore, though you plant pleasant plants and sow the vine-branch of a stranger, though you make them grow on the day that you plant them, and make them blossom in the morning that you sow, yet the harvest will flee away in a day of grief and incurable pain., 2 Timothy 2:6 It is the hard-working farmer who ought to have the first share of the crops.James 5:7 Be patient, therefore, brothers, until the coming of the Lord. This entry was posted on Thus the Church and members of the community of the Father sotra kinda Dont relate to the Process of the Hardened Hart and the compounded consequences of the deceitfulness of being habitually unfaithful in the little ways which bring about the cruelty of Amoss day. Whatever parts the hoof and is cloven-footed and chews the cud, among the animals, you may eat. The Arameans have crushed [the people of] Gilead with iron-spiked threshing sledges. . The last grace of God, whether sealing up the former graces of those who use them, or vouchsafed to those who have wasted them, is the crowning act of His love or forbearance. And thrice, and four times happy those, he cried, That under Ilion's walls before their parents died.". The course of the prophecy convicted them, as the things written in Holy Scripture for our ensamples convict Christians. For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four. Change). If they who sinned without law, perished without law Romans 2:12, how much more should they who have sinned in the law, be judged by the law. Gods judgments rolled round like a thunder-cloud, passing from land to land, giving warning of their approach, at last to gather and center on Israel itself, except it repent. Thus says the LORD: For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not revoke the punishment; because they have threshed Gilead with threshing sledges of iron. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site. The order of Gods threatenings seems to have been addressed to gain the hearing of the people. Am). They reach nearly to Anti-libanus westward, and extend on both sides of the Barada some miles eastward. Because she threshed Gilead with sledges having iron teeth, English Standard Version Thus says the LORD: "For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not revoke the punishment, because they have threshed Gilead with threshing sledges of iron. even for four in chapters 12? 1. The flail, a pair of connected sticks used to beat the grain, evolved from the early method of using a single stick.It, with the earlier methods, was described by Pliny the Elder in his first-century CE Natural History: "The cereals are threshed in some places with the threshing board on the threshing floor; in others they are trampled by a train of horses, and in others they are beaten with . , Deuteronomy 22:10 You shall not plow with an ox and a donkey together.Hebrews 6:7 For land that has drunk the rain that often falls on it, and produces a crop useful to those for whose sake it is cultivated, receives a blessing from God.Deuteronomy 22:9-11 You shall not sow your vineyard with two kinds of seed, lest the whole yield be forfeited, the crop that you have sown and the yield of the vineyard. If God is for us, who can be against us? By Gods help they were twice defeated; the second time, when they directly challenged the power of God 1 Kings 20:22-25, 1 Kings 20:28, so signally that, had not Ahab been flattered by the appeal to his mercy 1 Kings 20:31-32, Syria would no more have been in a condition to oppress Israel. Restore our fortunes, OLord, like streams in the Negeb! Literally, the text says they shut up the whole into captivity. The Philistines assaulted surrounding communities. Labs "O thrice and four times, that is, very often, a finite number for an infinite." And God saw that it was good. It is here put for the whole country of Syria, and the inhabitants of it, for whose numerous transgressions, signified by "three" and "four", the Lord would not turn away his fury from them, justly raised by their sins; or the decree which he had passed in his own mind, and now made a declaration of, he would not revoke; or not inflict the punishment they had deserved, and he had threatened. Its wealth, as a great emporium of transit-commerce, (as it is now) furnished it with sinews for war. On the schism of the ten tribes, the hostility of Damascus was concentrated against Israel who lay next to them. The three transgressions stand for a whole sum of sin, which had not yet brought down extreme punishment; the fourth was the crowning sin, after which God would no longer spare. With lifted hands and eyes invokes relief. The third, having gained the greatest power of all, seeking to repair the defeat of his grandfather, warring against the Jews, wasted what is now callcd Samaritis. They could not brook a defeat, which they had brought upon themselves. Amos condemns raiding communities and capturing those populations in order to sell them in the international slave trade. E 1:93. 13:3, 2225). Israel and Tyre had cooperated with each other from the time of David and Solomon, and that cooperation or treaty-relationship probably continued throughout the existence of the northern kingdom. 5 I will break the gate bars of Damascus, and cut off the inhabitants from the Valley of Aven, and the one who holds the scepter from Beth-eden; THE HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL - Iron teeth (1:3): "Iron teeth" were part of a threshing sledge, a farming implement drawn over grain to thresh it and cut the stalks. You shall not reap what grows of itself in your harvest, or gather the grapes of your undressed vine. Unless otherwise indicated, all content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. because they have threshed m Gilead .