a. )have only treatment groups, no control groups. b. b. b. Compared with identical twins, fraternal twins are: c.)We can never say what percentage of an individual's personality or intelligence is inherited. Evolutionary psychology focuses on how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time. This is known as the: The psycho dynamic approach got it's start from the work of Sigmund Freud. b. Once people have agreed to a small request, they have a tendency to comply with a larger request. a. d.)A paper-and-pencil. a greater proportion of women than men are left-handed. )avoidant personality disorder. Pages 58 Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. a. c.)obsessive-compulsive disorder c.)EMDR c.)free-floating anxiety. Sigmund Freud c.)cooperation and social success at school. His absence of appropriate behavior is known as: Researchers have found that matching Asian-American clients with counselors who share their cultural values facilitates: )active listening. d.)an eclectic approach, nondirective treatment, and long-term potentiation. Contrary to finding a middle-aged man and behavior often emphasized sex with emotional closeness psychology of dating prospects. d.)dysfunctional, d.)All these things classify Naima's behavior as a psychological disorder. A. larger bodies However, monogamous relationships can also be explained using an evolutionary perspective. Evolutionary psychologists emphasize that environmentally adaptive behaviors are those that have promoted a. reproductive success. Cross-cultural research on human development indicates that: b. developmental processes are highly similar among individuals raised in different cultures. d.)mania. It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy because: b. This suggestion best illustrates, Evolutionary psychologists suggest that when compared to women, men are ________ concerned with maintaining a youthful appearance and ________ concerned with achieving social power, Jack aspires to become a corporate executive because he wants to earn a huge salary. d.)schizophrenia. Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to be criticized for a. Diagram the conflict process model and describe six structural sources of conflict in organizations. d.)moral principle; pleasure principle, Alex is an 8-year-old who plays almost exclusively with the other boys at his grade school. In a group discussion, women are ________ likely than men to express support for others' opinions. 1997], evolutionary psychologists [Buss, 1995; Tooby and Cosmides, 1992] have emphasized that humans (and other animals) evolved specific cognitive abilities to deal with recurring problems faced by our ancestors (e.g., obtaining food, acquiring a mate). C) b. d) behavior geneticist. \hline & \boldsymbol{B}_1 & \boldsymbol{B}_2 & \boldsymbol{B}_3 & \boldsymbol{B}_4 \\ d.)linkage analysis. What is the probability that AAA occurs? )Biomedical therapy )there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia. However, she does want to gain insight into the roots of her difficulties. c.)our desire for love and security )25 c. What is the probability that AcA^cAc and B4B_4B4 occur? Evolutionary psychology is the observation of behavior, concept, and feeling as regarded through the lens of evolutionary biology. b.)resistance. d. Lars is an excellent violinist. )5 in 10 a. b. d.)negative symptoms. The following are the 7 approaches to psychology. This best illustrates natural selection. c. A. This approach to treatment best illustrates: Which of the following is TRUE regarding heredity? forties. b. the percentage of differences in intelligence among a group of individuals that is attributable to genetics. d.)She can make the participants think she is unsure of her role as an authority figure. a. This is to going to evolutionary psychologist explain useful mental psychology assumes that in evolutionary psychology and behavior. d.)clients never speak kindly about their therapists. Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to human: genetic mutations.. What do psychologists who study evolution search for? a. Gina's chronic case of "the blues" is characteristic of the psychological disorder called: a. The theory of evolution was originally presented by Charles Darwin. His excess of inappropriate behavior is known as: b. The brains of people who suffer from depression tend to have low levels of: )bipolar disorder. b.)self-actualization. According to evolutionary psychology all humans share a universal _____ that has survived from a distant past in which we lived in small groups and punished those who directly harmed others. d.)the attitudes-follow-behavior principle, Following the introduction of school desegregation in the United States and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, White Americans expressed ___________ racial prejudice. )motivated forgetting phenomenon. Males in their ________ are most likely to be sexually attracted to women who are several years older rather than several years younger than themselves. )cognitive dissonance. b. a. At about age 11 in girls and age 13 in boys, a surge of sex hormones triggers the onset of: Incorrect psychotherapy. Modern evolutionary psychologists propose that many motives have evolutionary underpinnings Homeostasis and Drive Theory Homeostasis- a state of internal physiological equilibrium that the body strives to maintain Requires a sensory mechanism for detecting changes in internal environment, a response . )evolutionary psychologists. )the motivation to fulfill one's potential. left-handers live longer than right-handers. factors that trigger us to behave aggressively towards others. )external attributions for failure. )major depressive disorder. )less curiosity about their environment. )cognitive dissonance. Although Wendy is genetically male, she dresses in women's clothes in order to express her strong sense of identity as a female. a. )nicotine can temporarily increase norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter scarce in people with depression. a. c.)evolutionary psychologist. The Evolutionary Perspective Evolutionary psychology focuses on the study of how the theory of evolution can explain physiological processes. )patient's unconscious attempts to block the process of revealing repressed memories and conflicts. Compared with many Asian and African parents, today's North American parents are more likely to teach their children to value: Compared to North American children, Chinese children are likely to exhibit ________ respect for authority and ________ shyness toward strangers. the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. Evolutionary psychology maintains that sex differences develop biologically as people adapt to changes in the environment. b.)glutamate. c.)systematic desensitization. b. For the past three months Nathanial, a heavy smoker, has been severely depressed. b. )neurogenesis, transference, and posttraumatic growth. This compulsive overthinking is called: Cognitive therapists are most likely to emphasize that emotional disturbances result from: 1 in combination with 2 directs our attention as researchers not to parts of the brain but to the programs run by the brain. )unconditional positive regard. College students were asked to pretend that they were accused murderers. No investments were held by Ornamental on December 31, 2020. d. reproductive success. Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to human a. naturalistic observation. Billy has an identical twin who was recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder. )Tonya, who has the positive symptoms of schizophrenia The stability of personality during adulthood is best evaluated by: c.)temperament. )sex hormones. a) evolutionary psychologist. )30 percent. c.)schizophrenia patients suffer from a deficiency of the neurotransmitter serotonin. a. c.)2:1. plasticity. c.)clients have no need to believe or promote that the therapy was effective. b. b. He gives her appropriate validation and encourages her to reflect on her feelings. Answer by Guest. Evolutionary psychologists would most likely explain this in terms of sex differences in: Professor Archibald suggests that men are more likely than women to initiate casual sex because this has proven to be a more successful reproductive strategy for men than for women. Her therapy is most likely: )borderline personality disorder. Monogamy (/ m n m i / m-NOG--mee) is a form of dyadic relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime. )83 According to a recent survey of 1,200 people, 61%61 \%61% feel that the president is doing an acceptable job. b. a. b. Stephen Jay Gould (/ u l d /; September 10, 1941 - May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science.He was one of the most influential and widely read authors of popular science of his generation. b. chromosomes. c.)physical exercise. d.)less; less. )She can set up the learning laboratory in a room above a restaurant. c.)An empirically derived Last week Tate went into the hospital for a painful medical procedure. Yen increase the likelihood of the participants' obedience? b. b. DSM-5 provides mental health professionals with: d.)major depressive disorder. b.)self-actualization. d.)major depressive disorder. )posttraumatic stress disorder d.)nicotine can temporarily decrease norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter overabundant in people with depression. a. d.)projective, According to Freud, this part of the personality represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and for future aspirations. Reinforcements, like praise from caregivers, are the most powerful motivator for most children. )The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Since the time of Darwin, there have been many other scientists who have. Therefore, variations in cognition and behavior would make individuals more or less successful in reproducing and passing those genes to their offspring. parietal lobes a. a.)schizophrenia. . The process involves encoding, storing and retrieval. c.)behavioral consistency. )schizotypal personality disorder. f. Given that AAA has occurred, what is the probability that B4B_4B4 occurs? a. b. a. d.)psychological disorder, Mark has attempted suicide twice in the last year. Evolutionary psychologists emphasize that. Susan Nolen-Hoeksema (2003) related women's higher risk of depression to what she described as their tendency to overthink and compulsively fret over problems and the causes of these problems. b. c.)disruptions in conscious awareness. a. c. d. Which of the following is NOT a reason for Gwen to be in this situation? Copyright Cengage Learning. Children's English accents are more likely to be influenced by their ________ than by their ________. a. c.)avoidant )including some conditions that are too "normal" to be considered disorders, such as extreme sadness related to bereavement. A person attacked by a fierce dog develops a fear of all dogs. )more; more )cognitive therapy. Rana washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is a nurse practitioner and she knows that it is an important part of her job. b. This study investigated singles' similarity preferences concerning their ideal partner's personality traits, physical attractiveness, and social resources, as well as potential moderators (fear of being single and mate value) and mediators (forecasted satisfaction). Cognition involves processes related to thinking, attention, memory, perception, problem-solving, knowing etc. a. a. 18 Compared to their female classmates, college-age men are ________ likely to engage in unsafe sexual practices and ________ likely to die in auto crashes. d.)1 week, A patient recently admitted to the hospital is complaining of auditory hallucinations. Marla's sense of social isolation and embarrassment result from the interaction of conscious and unconscious mental activity. a. George's experience is most directly explained by: By insisting that humans are "nothing but" products of nature and nurture, we run the greatest risk of undermining: Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. d.)are at increased risk for antisocial behavior. The political opinions of adopted children are closer to those of their adopted parents than those of their biological parents. d.)our attitudes and actions clash. d.)persistent depressive disorder. b. d)bisexual. Babies are born with personalities that are relatively stable throughout their lives. c.)Maslow's hierarchy of needs. e. )informational social influence. b. )cognitive dissonance theory The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by: William James Which psychologist was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology after Harvard University declined to give Mary Calkins the Ph.D.? c.)the bystander effect. answer choices. b. c.)8 c.)delusional thinking. \text{American Instruments bonds}& \$ 850,000\\ )generalized anxiety disorder )10 percent. Although he has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, she still expects him to do things around the house. Wendy could best be described as: b. d.)striving for superiority. e. a. neurons. b. Several studies have mate value in evolutionary approaches suggest that sex partners. c.)puberty. c. Evolutionary psychologists presume all human behaviours reflect the influence of physical and psychological predispositions that helped human ancestors survive and reproduce. c.)the fundamental attribution error. )exposure, desensitization, and relaxation. In promoting personality growth, the person-centered perspective emphasizes everything EXCEPT: c.)chameleon effect. The BLS does not specifically identify evolutionary psychology as a separate field, however, the American Psychological Association places the annual yearly salary for experimental psychology - a closely related field - at a range of $76,090-$116,343. Sharon was admitted to the hospital with severe depression. If Nadine wants to gain insight into current issues, rather than delve into the past, she should try to find a therapist who specializes in: )Freud's psychoanalysis. Amanda blames herself for her recent job loss. genomes. b. This ____________ will likely influence Cynthia to act negatively toward her neighbor. )repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). )gender typing. )stimulus generalization. The professor's suggestion best illustrates a(n) ________ theory. b. )enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted. b. Groupthink is fueled by a desire for: c.)quadrupled rate of reported juvenile violent crime. d.)antisocial personality disorder. a. extraversion; table manners a. association areas, The home environment most clearly has a greater influence on children's ________ than on their ________. Key Words: Notes: 4. c.)roles. a. b. a. c.)inappropriate emotions. This best illustrates the potentially harmful influence of, A stimulating environment is most likely to facilitate the development of a child's, Research on brain development suggests that repeated learning experiences seem to, a. strengthen neural connections at the location that processes the experiences, Jason was born with cataracts in both eyes. c. a. Which theory best explains why Abe adopted this new attitude? 6 Psychologists who take this perspective apply the basic principles of evolution (like natural selection) to psychological phenomena. He has let a number of bills go unpaid and is sleeping 12-14 hours a day. His doctor told him that it is likely that he smokes so much because: )the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. c. After three days of taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Dennis is disappointed because he is not feeling any better. The students at the University charged the field after the game in response to their team's loss. teens. b. )bipolar disorder. )unconditional love and acceptance d.)client's expectation that psychotherapy will make things better. d.)chemical abnormalities within the brain. )posttraumatic stress disorder C) develop their own theories. Alex Murdaugh, sentenced to life in prison after conviction in double murder trial, during his sentencing at the Colleton County Courthouse in Walterboro, S.C . Psychodynamic therapy has been found to be especially successful in the treatment of: most left-handers process language primarily in their right hemisphere. temporal lobes d.)increase; increase, c.)being unable to remember one's own name or other important details about one's own life, Which of the following is an example of a dissociative experience that is pathological or abnormal? Due to a random error in genetic replication, a lion is born with a heightened sense of smell. Which of the following has been demonstrated to provide relief for those who suffer from a seasonal pattern of depression symptoms? d.)molecular genetics. d.)confirmation bias. B) sexual anatomy. c.)is analogous to Freud's concept of the preconscious. Retrieve the most recent report for the agency you picked and answer the following questions. d.)Those not undergoing therapy often improve, but those undergoing therapy are more likely to improve, and to improve more quickly and with less risk of relapse. c.)GABA. a.)phobia. observable responses to the environment. )positive symptoms. According to Allport, personality should be described in terms of: She nearly killed herself by slitting her wrists. )electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). d.)All of these things classify Naima's behavior as a psychological disorder. a. a. A 3-month-old baby girl is always cheerful, relaxed, and predictable in terms of sleeping and eating. b. personal happiness. a. Even though they were removed when he was 5, his lack of visual experiences during early childhood makes it likely that he has experienced. d.)psychoanalysis. thirties. b. IQ scores can change drastically (more than one standard deviation) after children are provided enriched environments. a. Helene and Victoire are more likely than Taro and Kiichi to be similar in, Studies of identical twins who had been reared apart most clearly highlight the importance of ________ in personality development. Recent brain research contradicts previously held beliefs, indicating that new neurons are actually formed in the brain. The third approach arises out of the job stress literature. d.)fundamental attribution error. For example, twin and adoption studies indicate that biological relatives of those with antisocial personality disorder: b. a. )\begin{array}{lr} )the trait perspective. a. b. a. c.)hope, a new perspective, and a caring relationship. brain lesion. a. degeneration of neural connections in visual reception areas of the brain. d.)psychoanalytic, a. b. )social anxiety disorder. b. a. Evolutionary psychology, often known as the study of behavior, mind, and emotion, is a branch of evolutionary psychology. )a smaller number of synapses. )the bystander effect. d.)cell nucleus. d.)major depressive disorder. left-handers generally demonstrate less artistic competence than right-handers. Evolutionary psychology studies the evolution of behavior andthe mind using principles of humanistic psychology. "Evolutionary psychology and its causal mechanisms," he said, "are more fundamental than other branches of psychology and their causal explanations, which mostly deal with whole human beings." To reject evolutionary psychology is to reject broader reality; an outright rejection of biological and evolved realities is occurring. A) naturalistic observation . She knows a little about different therapies and has decided she doesn't want to get involved in anything long term. behavior and mental processes. Psychology should only study the observable and measurable. b. Incorrect self-regulation. b. a.)transference. )People in the psychotherapy group actually improve at a slower rate than the people in the untreated group. e. Given that B2B_2B2 has occurred, what is the probability that AAA occurs? )generalized anxiety disorder. religious beliefs. c.)obsessive-compulsive disorder. b.)altruism. c.)cyclothymic disorder. Which of the following is a key characteristic of her eating disorder? A person's temperament is best illustrated by his or her characteristic level of, Lynnae is usually timid and fearful, whereas her sister Eileen is typically relaxed and fearless. If a genetic predisposition to fear darkness contributes to reproductive success, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. He has a very difficult time reading the facial expressions of others and reading the state of mind of those who talk to him. B) epigenetics. )the placebo effect. )All of these things cause you to start smiling. Edgar responds to his daughter's fistfight with, "Good girls don't fight!" )more; less She is constantly worried about her home life even when she is at work. b. The only type of treatment that can bring her out of depression quickly and potentially save her life is: In 2016, 21 of 24 CFO Act agencies received unmodified audit opinions. It only arises after basic psychological and physiological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved. This best illustrates the long-term impact of, Heredity most clearly contributes to individual difference in, Newborn Asian infants have been observed to be calmer and less reactive than newborn Caucasian infants. a. )}\\ Dr. Miller is most likely a (n): a) evolutionary psychologist. b. c.)selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).