[23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. [95] A similar phenomenon took place in Korea, where Kim Il-sung created a Soviet-backed communist dictatorship in North Korea[96] and Syngman Rhee created a US-backed nationalist dictatorship in South Korea. [16], Most dictatorships are formed through military means or through a political party. In personalist dictatorships, the elite corps are usually made up of close friends or family members of the dictator, who typically handpicks these individuals to serve their posts. The totalitarian dictatorship in the People's Republic of China , from 1949 to the present. [22], Military dictatorships are typically formed by a military coup in which senior officers use the military to overthrow the government. This is a list of famous examples of fascism across history. The chief executive can take many names including chancellor, prime minister, or premier and the heads of the executive departments can bear different names and be called different things. Monarchies: 3. Qatar - Sheikh Hamad Bin Jassim Bin Jabr Al-Thani Russia - Vladimir Putin, President of Russia Rwanda - Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda Saudi Arabia - King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia Somalia - Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of Somalia South Sudan - Salva Kiir Mayardit, President Mussolini abolished democracy in Italy in 1922 and became a dictator. From the outside looking in, life within a dictatorship appears akin to being in a toxic relationship or living situation. The military takes control of the country (usually through a direct coup), installs the dictator of its choosing (typically the highest-ranking military officer), and uses force of arms to preserve its power. Through the ages, Algeria, officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. These nationalist movements supported non-alignment, keeping most Middle Eastern dictatorships out of the American and Soviet spheres of influence. [1][8]:454 It is important to note that these names do not have to correspond to the official or colloquial titles of any of the countries offices. [46], The shift in the power relation between the dictator and their inner circle has severe consequences for the behavior of such regimes as a whole. But by 1995, all the countries in the region, with the notable . [6], The opposition to a dictatorship represents all of the factions that are not part of the dictatorship and anyone that does not support the regime. Its purpose is to collect information, mobilize society, and induce compliance with the dictatorships directives. Among Africans past and present, you'll find a smattering of dictatorships. As you can see, fascism was at its highest popularity during the 1930's. 1. Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. Therefore, it is impossible to know if the regime is a democracy or a dictatorship, so DD Index considers them dictatorships until an alternation in power occurs. Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the . [79] Fascism developed in Europe as a rejection of liberalism, socialism, and modernism, and the first fascist political parties formed in the 1920s. [98], One of the tasks in political science is to measure and classify regimes as either democracies or dictatorship (authoritarian) countries. This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 02:19. Dictators typically retain their power by silencing any opposition to their rulings and guidelines. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. [26] Ruling parties in one-party dictatorships are distinct from political parties that were created to serve a dictator in that the ruling party in a one-party dictatorship permeates every level of society. Political scientists such as Juan Jos Linz and Samuel P. Huntington identify key attributes that define the power structure of a dictatorship, including a single leader or a small group of leaders, the exercise of power with few limitations, limited political pluralism, and limited mass mobilization. One of the reasons for this is the fact that the military often has more cohesion and institutional structure than most of the civilian institutions of society. Some of the most famous dictators in history include Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, and Saddam Hussein. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. [4] Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the present year. For example, DD could classify a country which has a legislative assembly whose official name is "the parliament" but still classify it in any of the three categories. This may sound like a contradiction of terms to many people. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Caudillos were often nominally constrained by a constitution, but the caudillo had the power to draft a new constitution as he wished. Parties that take power through violence are often able to implement larger changes in a shorter period of time. [106], The nature of dictatorship changed in much of the world at the onset of the 21st century. Too Much Power. The head of state in most parliamentary democracies formally appoint the head of government. [56] Caesar subverted the tradition of temporary dictatorships when he was made dictator perpetuo, or a dictator for life, which led to the creation of the Roman Empire. [54][55] The concept of "dictator" was first developed during the Roman Republic. [9], Gugiu & Centellas developed the Democracy Cluster Classification Index that integrates five democracy indicators (including the DD dataset, Polity dataset), clustering 24 American and 39 European regimes over 30 years.[2]. A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. 10. [38] Due to the lack of accountability and the smaller group of elites, personalist dictatorships are more prone to corruption than other forms of dictatorship,[39] and they are more repressive than other forms of dictatorship. Democracies are classified by the rules in which executives can be appointed or removed and can be either presidential, mixed or semi-presidential, or parliamentary. Political control is any tactic through which the state seeks to gain compliance from society. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD),[1] index of democracy and dictatorship[2] or simply the DD index[3] or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. The name a democracy gives itself or its office does not indicate what type of democracy it is. It is the seventh largest country in Africa, and is bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean and Luanda is its capital city. Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. During the first half of the 20th century, dictatorships took control of a number of technologically advanced countries. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. [8]:455 Sometimes sitting governments will attach a vote of no confidence clause to a piece of legislation they want passed, effectively tying the survival of the government on the piece of legislation. [69], In the time between World War I and World War II, several dictatorships were established in Europe through coups which were carried out by far-left and far-right movements. [according to whom? Although it is true that some dictators are far more strict and overbearing than others, as a rule, dictatorships tend to result in a loss of personal autonomy, quality of life, and political choice for everyday citizens. [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. They are not even defined terms of art within political science. When necessary, a dictator may also make an effort to replace or amend the nation's constitution to empower, enrich, or otherwise benefit the dictator and his/her allies to a greater degree. [54], Asia saw several military dictatorships during the post-classical era. 2. Click to visit dictatorship | Definition, Characteristics, Countries Adolf Hitler known for his Nazi party and the barbarities and fierceness during his autocracy rule. Rwanda - 1994 to present - Paul Kagame. Military dictatorships are controlled by military officers, one-party dictatorships are controlled by the leadership of a political party, and personalist dictatorships are controlled by a single individual. [128]. If you're looking for the names of countries with dictatorship governments then you're in the right place. [111][112][113] Latin America saw a period of liberalization similar to that of Europe at the end of the Cold War, with Cuba being the only Latin American country that did not experience any degree of liberalization between 1992 and 2010. [143], In the 20th century, most dictatorships held elections in which voters could only choose to support the dictatorship, with only one-quarter of partisan dictatorships permitting opposition candidates to participate. Infiltration involves disseminating individuals loyal to the dictatorship and its ideals across civil society and local community elites. [8]:457 Elected heads of state are usually referred to as "president." A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. [124], The type of economy in a dictatorship can affect how it functions. - Quora Answer (1 of 66): I will give the country names as well as who the dictator is. Several dictatorships have persisted into the 21st century, particularly in Africa and Asia. [17] Between 1946 and 2010, 42% of dictatorships began by overthrowing a different dictatorship, and 26% began after achieving independence from a foreign government. A political rival accused Obiang of cannibalism in 2004, but no evidence to support the claim has ever surfaced. Dictatorships arise through violence or non-violent means, but they almost always result in the loss of liberties, corruption, and human rights abuses. The Countries with Dictatorships in the Modern World As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. [90] These new African governments were marked by severe instability, which provided opportunities for regime change and made fair elections a rare occurrence on the continent. Secret police are used to gather information about specific political opponents and carry out targeted acts of violence against them, paramilitary forces defend the regime from coups, and formal militaries defend the dictatorship during foreign invasions and major civil conflicts. Power is enforced through a steadfast collaboration between the government and a highly developed ideology. [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. Today, they are "elected," as true democracies helplessly look on . This violence is frequently exercised through institutions such as military or police forces. [105] To maintain power, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet organized Operation Condor with other South American dictators to facilitate cooperation between their respective intelligence agencies and secret police organizations. [127], Indoctrination is the inculcation of citizens on specific values and ideas beneficial to the dictatorships needs and desires.