Policemen fired a shotgun into the crowd, striking three men in intersection of Steuart and Mission streets. [21], In November 2019, a terminal operations company, International Container Terminal Services Oregon, won a $94 million jury trial verdict against ILWU for unlawful labor practices including "work stoppages, slowdowns, safety gimmicks and other coercive actions" which occurred between August 2013 and March 2017 at the Port of Portland (Oregon) terminal, and resulted in all shippers ceasing to use the terminal. On the crucial issue of the hiring hall, the Board ruled: The hiring of all longshoremen shall be through hiring halls maintained and operated jointly. But the dispatcher shall be selected by the International Longshoremens Association. Longshoremen were to be dispatched without favoritism or discrimination because of union or non-union membership.. Unions serving the Port include chapters of the ILWU, . This was an ancient system. The ISU used this power to drive strikebreakers out of the industry. Workplace Safety Workplace safety is a key consideration for the PMA. One battle lost was not, however, the end of the war. Search thousands of open positions to find your next opportunity. Organized by the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU), the strike peaked with the death of two workers on "Bloody Thursday" and the San Francisco General Strike which stopped all work in the major port city for four days and led ultimately to the settlement of the West Coast Longshoremen's Strike. The hiring boss, the petty dictator on the dock, would stand before them; he could take any man he wanted, reject anyone he pleased. The work remains difficult, dangerous. The morning of July 9, a huge crowd gathered at the ILA Hall on Steuart Street. Pier 1, The Embarcadero, San Francisco, CA 94111, Administrative Building Hours 8:00am - 5:00pm. Approximately 500 protesters opposed to Israeli military actions in the Gaza Strip participated. Permanent Makeup Artist, Personal Shopping Assistant, Master Cosmetologist. What began as an isolated longshoremen's dispute developed in the spring and summer of 1934 into one of the most sweeping and violent industrial conflicts of the Great Depression. Bridges held out for the hiring hall but lost. [68] Other unions went further: the Marine Firemen proposed to punish any member who bought a Hearst newspaper. "[46] After dozens of Bay Area unions voted for a general strike over the next few days, the San Francisco Labor Council voted on July 14 to call a general strike. Still, the widespread police campaign of terror and the rise in vigilantism had taken its toll. On every dock the gang elected from among themselves a so-called gang or dock steward There were endless disputes, some resulting in job actions on the part of the workers or quick strikes (quickies) localized to one dock, Suddenly in the midst of unloading a ship, the longshore gang would walk off, causing the stubborn employer sailing delay, considerable additional expense, and general irritation, The employer called the union hiring hall for another gang, which came promptly enough, but as likely as not pulled another quicky an hour later; and so on till the employer yielded to, say, a demand that the sling load be made two or three thousand instead of four thousand pounds.. Harbor Worksource Center 222 West 6th Street, Suite 410 San Pedro, CA 90731 (310) 732-5700 [10], The ILWU disaffiliated from the AFLCIO on August 30, 2013, accusing the AFLCIO of unwillingness to punish other unions when their members crossed ILWU picket lines and over federal legislative policy issues.[11]. Like Sperry, he died at the hospital. The ILWU Coast Longshore Division and its 30 locals in 29 ports from San Diego, California to Bellingham, Washington are working determinedly to navigate this complex and challenging moment on behalf of the more than 20,000 ILWU workers risking their lives to support the economy and ensure the movement of essential goods needed to fight the While ZipRecruiter is seeing hourly wages as high as $61.78 and as low as $8.89, the majority of Longshoremen wages currently range between $15.14 (25th percentile) to $30.77 (75th percentile) across the United States. On August 21, the Piraeus docked at a different terminal, where two dozen longshoremen unloaded the cargo overnight. [citation needed], The arbitration award also gave longshoremen a raise to ninety-five cents ($19 in 2021 dollars) an hour for straight time work, just shy of the dollar an hour it demanded during the strike. And by Thursday the strike was finished, as one by one the union leaders reestablished their authority. Bobby Olvera , Jr, International Vice President That same day, sailors and firemen voted to strike and they were followed by cooks and stewards, then masters, mates and pilots, thus making it a maritime strike. When striking longshoremen surrounded a San Francisco police car and tried to tip it over, the police shot into the air, and then fired into the crowd, killing Nick Bordoise (originally named Nick Counderakis) and Howard Sperry. Dispatch 310-834-7213. Bridges would become president of the San Francisco ILA in 1935; he helped lead the West Coast longshoremen into the International Longshore and Warehouse Union in 1937, became its first president as well as West Coast chairman of the Congress of Industrial Organizations. Thousands would be arrested, more thousands beaten. Local activities included a police raid . [25] The employers then decided to make a show of force to reopen the port in San Francisco. The ILWU also cited the AFLCIO's willingness to compromise on key policies such as labor law reform, immigration reform, and health care reform. 26 0 obj 616.879999 0] What is marine clerk cognitive exam? A 1956 profile in Look identified Hoffer as "Ike's Favorite Author." Beginning in 1963, James Day of KQED in San Francisco interviewed Hoffer for a 12-part series on public television; Eric Sevareid followed for CBS two years . With more online, real-time compensation data than any other website, Salary.com helps you determine your exact pay target. An ILWU spokesman said workers were not prepared to become involved because of safety issues related to the size of the demonstration and the heavy police presence. There was a pattern: a line of cars filled with men in leather jackets drew up; they invaded the quarters, smashed windows, wrecked the furniture, threw typewriters into the Street and beat up the occupants. It typically takes years . The longshoremen rejected the proposal to arbitrate. While the IWW was a spent force after that strike, syndicalist thinking remained popular on the docks. Teamsters in both San Francisco and Oakland voted to strike, over the objections of their leaders, on Sunday, July 8. Thompson and the Making of the New Left (Monthly Review Press 2014). The strike was not a communist strike, a handful of party members notwithstanding, although cults of Bridges, the union and leadership have distorted this history, exaggerating triumphs and disguising failings. The International Fishermen and Allied Workers of America joined with the union in the 1950s. [38], The events took a violent turn that afternoon, as hostilities resumed outside of the ILA strike kitchen. craigslist provides local classifieds and forums for jobs, housing, for sale, services, local community, and events [60] A police spokesperson suggested that "maybe the Communists staged the raids themselves for publicity". [8] However, "black union members were a minuscule group within the ILWU [leadership] hierarchy", with the few exceptions concentrated in the Oakland locale, which had an even larger black membership than San Francisco. The general strike and its aftermath raise many issues for the historian: what were its origins? Henry Mayhew, the well-known Victorian investigator, wrote this of hiring at the gates to the London docks in1861: it was a sight to sadden the most callous, to see thousands of men struggling for only a days hire; the scuffle being made the fiercer by the knowledge that hundreds out of the number there assembled left to idle the day in want. The shape-up was abolished in London in 1891, in the aftermath of the great 1889 dockers strike there, but was still in place in 1934 in New York, also San Francisco, where the shippers insisted conditions demanded it. The dead were Howard Sperry, a longshoreman and war veteran, and Nick Bordouise, a culinary worker, a member of the Cooks Union and the Communist Party. Then at three oclock, the strikers surged down Mission Street, attempting to seize the waterfront just to the south. Then get help from the union for employment. The employers complained that the union wanted to "sovietize" the waterfront. Required fields are marked *. Quick Longshore Links. was it a communist strike? Moving on, the Workers' Ex-Servicemen's League's headquarters on Howard between Third and Fourth was raided, leading to 150 arrests and the complete destruction of the facilities. How much does a Longshoreman make in San Francisco, CA? and they founded a new union, the International Longshore and Warehouse Union ILWU) and affiliated with the industrial unions in the Congress of Industrial Organizations. He is the author ofLabors Civil War in California, (PM Press, 2012 (second edition, revised and expanded), editor of Waterfront Workers, New Perspectives on Race and Class (Illinois, 1998), His latest book is a collection of the writings of Edward Thompson, E.P. [15], In August 2014, the Israeli-owned ZIM Piraeus was the subject of a major demonstration at the Port of Oakland instigated by the Arab Resource and Organizing Center (AROC). Annualmeetings of the Longshore Caucusmake decisions for the Coast Longshore Division byenumerating local officers votes. That same afternoon Governor Frank Merriam declared a State of Emergency and ordered the National Guard to the waterfront. B.A. Many more would gather than were needed, some would be skilled, regular men, others transients, then all grades in between. Each locals total number of votes are proportionate to its size. Longshoremen's Hall, San Francisco, CA 1. One source is their inheritance, the legacy of the Great Strike. On the Friday, the Central Labor Council, having resisted stubbornly for so long, finally met to consider the general strike. Over the weekend, the bodies of the two strikers killed lay in state at ILA headquarters where thousands filed by to see and honor them. Thus the killing of the two San Francisco strikers aroused a massive outpouring of sympathy with the strikers. The result of the strike was the unionization of all of the West Coast ports of the United States. January 31, 2023. Photo: San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library, Bloody Thursday 1934: The Strike that Shook San Francisco and Rocked the Pacific Coast. Rincon Hill, then still a working class neighborhood, was a slum. As of Feb 23, 2023, the average hourly pay for a Longshoremen in the United States is $26.34 an hour. [22] Daily similar smaller clashes broke out in San Francisco and Oakland, California, Portland, Oregon,[23] and Seattle, Washington. Bridges had difficulty giving up his position in the ILWU, even though he explored the possibility of merging it with the ILA or the Teamsters in the early 1970s. The Family Dog put on concerts here in 1965 featuring The Jefferson Airplane, The Charlatans, The Great Society, Lovin Spoonful and others. Hours passed and still the column moved onward, A great hush lay over the line of march, broken only by the rhythmic tread of trudging feet. The ILWU rejoined the AFLCIO in 1988, and disaffiliated with it in 2013. When the employers made a show of force in order to reopen the port in San Francisco, a pitched battle broke out on the Embarcadero in San Francisco between police and strikers. The strike, right from the start, was solid. [67] Longshoremen also began dictating other terms, fining members who worked more than the ceiling of 120 hours per month, filing charges against a gang boss for "slandering colored brothers" and forcing employers to fire strikebreakers. Related. Job Openings for This Role, Based on HR-reported data: a national average with a geographic. To get a full-time job on the docks, one has to first be a so-called casual. The strikers, in an eye-witness account, were described as coming from everywhere with fresh loads of iron and stone. Profits depended, they explained, on the fast turn-around, but the sea, the tides, and traffic limited planning. [37] Each side then refortified and took stock. Coal miners returned to the United Mine Workers in such numbers as scarcely could be counted. The Port of San Francisco is a public enterprise entity of the City and County of San Francisco that is committed to eliminating racial disparity in all its policies, processes, decisions and resource allocations. [56] When the National Longshore Board put the employer's proposal to arbitrate to a vote of striking longshoremen, it passed in every port except Everett, Washington. The Longshore Caucus is the highest governing body of the Coast Longshore Division. William E. Adams, International PresidentInternational Longshore and Warehouse Union, James McKenna, President & CEOPacific Maritime Association, Mario Cordero, Executive DirectorPort of Long Beach, Eugene D. Seroka, Executive DirectorPort of Los Angeles, John Wolfe , Chief Executive Officer TheCoast Committee chairs and administersthe Longshore Division Caucus. A longshoreman is a worker who loads and unloads cargo onto ships. The union won most of its demands in that arbitration proceeding. The average hourly pay for a Longshoreman is $28.12. [27], International Longshore and Warehouse Union, World War II, integration of African Americans, Participation in Hawaii Democratic Revolution of 1954, Survival outside CIO and return to AFLCIO, 2022 industrial action in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Mongelluzzo, Bill. International Longshoremens and Warehousemens Union Local 1 Records. According to the Marine Exchange of Southern California, as of October 5, there were a total of 143 ships in port: 88 at anchor or drift areas and 55 at berths. The longshoremen's union said it would become an independent union. [16] The AROC claimed to have been supported by ILWU dockworkers who refused to unload the ship's cargo, stating that "Workers honored our picket and stood on the side of justice." The employer, the Pacific Maritime Association, filed a complaint against the Union for conducting what it saw as an illegal work stoppage. The International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) is a labor union which primarily represents dock workers on the West Coast of the United States, Hawaii, and in British Columbia, Canada. [75], The ILWU continues to recognize "Bloody Thursday" by shutting down all West Coast ports every July 5 and honoring Nick Bordoise, Howard Sperry and all of the other workers killed by police during the strike. I'm predicting the economy will boom by japan 2021 olympics/post vaccinations if not postponed again and hire a bunch of longshoreman maybe im wrong. The newspapers, again, declared the strike finished. Devonshire Downs Home Of The Newport Pop Festiv UC Theatre Taube Family Music Hall In Berkeley, CA, Ultra-Sonic Recording Studios Former Location In Hempstead, NY, Ode Records Former Location In Malibu, California, Buried Here Bob McBride, Singer For Lighthouse, The Singer Bowl The Doors Headline For The Who In 1968. Casuals. The Council then created a committee of 25 to organize and lead the strike, but comprised of conservatives, all people who had opposed the strike. They swarmed the Embarcadero, outnumbering the police, The police answer was gas and still more gas. Facilities host training sessions for longshore workers, clerks, and casuals in skills necessary to complete jobs in a productive, safe manner. 2 Francis, Labor on the San Francisco waterfront, pp. The Trips Festival on January 2123, 1966 was the most attended and advertised of the early Acid Tests. Finally found a forum to ask this, looked on other sf oakland posts but no replies maybe it's the toughest port to get called/updates. [53] Reports that unions in Portland and Seattle would also begin general strikes picked up currency. The fighting went on all morning. [29] They encouraged the strikers to take what they could get from the employers and threatened to use Teamsters as strikebreakers if the ILA did not return to work. They came to see themselves far from the wharf rats of before rather as The Lords of the Docks, proclaiming, immodestly, We are the most militant and organized group of workers the world has ever seen. All this, they did, from the bottom up. )^Hawley, Andrew, Avid Collector Seeks . Employee Flight Risk,
They wanted union representation. The ILWU admitted African Americans in the 1930s, and during World War II its San Francisco section alone had an estimated 800 black members, at a time when most San Francisco unions excluded black workers and resisted implementation of President Roosevelt's Executive Order 8802 (1941) against racial discrimination in the US defense industry. The ILWU later faced similar challenges from women, who found it even harder to enter the industry and the union. Longshoremen also refused to handle "hot cargo" destined for non-union warehouses that the union was attempting to organize. $19 - $52. The police had won the day. [8][9] The MWIU never made much headway on the West Coast, but it did attract a number of former IWW members and foreign-born militants. [61], General Hugh S. Johnson, then head of the National Recovery Administration, gave a speech urging responsible labor leaders to "run these subversive influences out from its ranks like rats". His entangled, problematic relationship with the Communist Party often defined him, fairly and unfairly. Those it did not win outright it gained through hundreds of job actions after the strikers returned to work, as the union gradually wrested control over the pace of work and the employer's power to hire and fire from the shipping and stevedoring companies through the mechanism of hiring halls. [39] Eyewitness accounts differ on the exact events that transpired next. In the afternoon it spread to Market Street, where crowds of spectators assembled to watch the action, hundreds of them pressing on to a footbridge at the foot of Market. Oddly enough, they realized it at once, well before the Boards findings. There remained the broken windows, scattered glass rocks, spikes empty shot gun shells, and drying blood. On May 9, 1934 West Coast longshoremen struck, shutting down docks along 2000 miles of coastline, including all its major ports: Seattle, Tacoma, Portland, San Francisco, San Pedro, San Diego. "San Francisco can be the new Liverpool," Castell told Gleason right off the bat. They agreed on a series of demands, including an end to the shape-up, to be replaced by a union hiring hall. Longshoremen on the West Coast ports had either been unorganized or represented by company unions since the years immediately after World War I, when the shipping companies and stevedoring firms had imposed the open shop after a series of failed strikes. The additional longshore work produced by the Vietnam War allowed Bridges to meet the challenge by opening up more jobs and making determined efforts to recruit black applicants. Records Clerk. Bridges, in a gesture, was only added later. [1], Longshoremen on the West Coast ports had either been unorganized or represented by company unions since the years immediately after World War I, when the shipping companies and stevedoring firms had imposed the open shop after a series of failed strikes. The conservative local leaders began maneuvers to undermine it. There is but one thing to be done put down the revolt with any force necessary. The Mayor appointed a committee of 500 businessmen to orchestrate the response. [54], The calling of a general strike had an unexpected result: it gave the General Strike Committee, whose makeup was far less militant than the longshoremen's strike committee, effective control over the maritime strike itself. While Bridges, who had preached solidarity among all maritime workers and scorned arbitration, apologized to the seamen for the longshoremen's vote, the President of the ISU urged them to hold out and to burn their "fink books", the membership records of the company union to which they had been forced to pay dues. We believe in a country where everyone who works hard can see the doctor, give their kids a good start, and have a secure retirement. On July 5, 1934, long known as Bloody Thursday, more than 2,000 strikers gathered on the streets of San Francisco, demanding fair working conditions for longshoremen, who worked long hours with . The longshoremans numbers have deminished; ongoing automation threatens those who carry on the work. The die then was cast; the Industrial Association would open the port by force. The press, hysterical, denounced the strikers as vultures who fed upon the plight of the poor city. According to some witnesses, a group of strikers first surrounded a police car and attempted to tip it over, prompting the police to fire shotguns in the air, and then revolvers at the crowd. It stood just near the western anchorage of the Bay Bridge, then being framed with great towers of orange steel. The 1934 West Coast Waterfront Strike (also known as the 1934 West Coast Longshoremen's Strike, as well as a number of variations on these names) lasted 83 days, and began on May 9, 1934 when longshoremen in every US West Coast port walked out. Visit the Harbor Worksource Center in Downtown San Pedro for more information. A stevedore, longshoreman, docker or dockworker is a waterfront manual laborer who is involved in loading and unloading ships, trucks, trains or airplanes. [3] Longshoremen in San Francisco, then the major port on the coast, were required to go through a hiring hall operated by a company union, known as the "blue book" system for the color of the membership book. 82-91.; 4 San Francisco Labor Clarion, Nov. 11, 1904, p.22. The negotiatingcommittee also includes theInternational Officers and Coast Committeemen. how to explain the Boards findings? See user submitted job responsibilities for Longshoreman. Bridges reacted uncharacteristically defensively to these workers' complaints, which were given additional sting by the fact that many of the "B-men" were black. [70] The strike also prompted union organizer Carmen Lucia to organize the Department Store Workers Union and the Retail Clerks Association in San Francisco. In October it issued its award: it fixed the basic wage rate at $.95 an hour, $1.40 for overtime. LONGSHORE CONTRACT DOCUMENT July 1, 2019 - July 1, 2022 Between INTERNATIONAL LONGSHORE AND WAREHOUSE UNION and . He finally retired in 1977, but only after ensuring that Louis Goldblatt, the long-time Secretary-Treasurer of the union and his logical successor, was denied the opportunity to replace him. Allow us to help you discover more than 156 of longshoremen hiring list so you can choose a career path with a sense of personal fulfillment. It understood that the strike was not in fact a communist plot, also that smashing the strike it might have unintended consequences. Got lucky in the 2018 draw & was referred by some locals here on the sf piers by word where I work part time and sent a post card, no immediate connections, so I called pma in july and they said 950's. I'll wait till my hair turns grey for this. 0 - 1 years experience
[70] While the award put the operation of the hall in the hands of a committee of union and employer representatives, the union was given the power to select the dispatcher. The organization continued to negotiate agreements, with less strife than in the 1930s and 1940s, and Bridges continued to be reelected without serious opposition. Day/Night Early; Nightside Final; It was established in 1937, after the historic 1934 General Strike and after voting to disaffiliate from the International Longshoremens Association (ILA). [35] As spectators watched from Rincon Hill, the police shot tear gas canisters into the crowd, then followed with a charge by mounted police. 7/15/1976 Hot Tuna 2/8/1969 Tim Buckley 2/1/1969 Steve Miller Band 11/4/1968 Grateful Dead 4/9/1967 Big Brother & the Holding Company 3/31/1967 Quicksilver Messenger Service 9/3/1966 Them 10/24/1965 The Charlatans, Longshoremens Hall 400 North Point Street San Francisco CA 94133 415 776-8100, Your email address will not be published. The men despised it, a precarious, cruel system that placed them at the bottom of the hierarchy of industrial work. Below are the latest Memos to Ports. Eligiblestudents are encouraged to apply. Got lucky in the 2018 draw & was referred by some locals here on the sf piers by word where I work part time and sent a post card, no immediate connections, so I called pma in july and they said 950's. [25] The president said that "With this action in solidarity with the people of Ukraine, we send a message that we unequivocally condemn the Russian invasion"[26] The ILWU was part of the global industrial boycott of port and maritime workers against Russian-flagged ships and cargo. The employers offered to arbitrate the dispute, but insisted that the union agree to an open shop as a condition of any agreement to arbitrate. High School Diploma or Technical Certificate, 1 - 3 years experience
The Family Dog was a loose collective of free spirits managed by Chet Helms, a contemporary of Bill Graham, who put on rock dances here as well as at other venues. I'm predicting 2026 till I'm called (if the list is still around) or maybe they will push the list at this port and all ports by the hundreds due to worldwide container shortages (google news) and piled up yards in need of workers to get to consumers. The average salary range for a Longshoreman is from $53,657 to $65,734. The agreement, however, highlighted the lesser status that less senior members, known as "B-men," enjoyed. The International Longshore and Warehouse Union traces its roots to a 1934 strike that claimed the lives of two men commemorated by silhouettes marked on a sidewalk in front of Local 10, the. The strike empowered the longshoremen, and along with them a generation of working people. Several picturesque islandsAlcatraz, Treasure Island and the adjacent Yerba Buena Island, and small portions of Alameda Island, Red Rock Island, and Angel Islandare part of the city. Read more from Wikipedia. [48], San Francisco Mayor Angelo Rossi declared a state of emergency. [58] Further raids were carried out at the Workers' Open Forum at 1223 Fillmore street and the Western Worker building opposite City Hall that contained a bookstore and the main offices of the Communist Party, which was thoroughly destroyed. The Coast Committee chairs and administers the Longshore Division Caucus. Source: Wikipedia (as of 04/18/2019). A twenty year old longshoremen, Dick Parker was shot by an LA cop, then serving as private security for a strikebreaking firm; Parker had joined the ILA only the day before. It disaffiliated from the AFLCIO on August 30, 2013. ILWU-PMA Watchmen Pension Plan - Limited Early Retirement Incentive Window. The middle class is losing ground, but it does not need to be this way. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. [deleted] 3 yr. ago. The Central Labor Council passed a resolution condemning communists among the maritime strikers. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1934_West_Coast_waterfront_strike&oldid=1139063938. A solid river of men and women who believed they had a grievance and who were expressing their resentment in this giant demonstration.. On the docks, conditions were crude, the longshoremans work changed little one generation to the next; cargo, no matter how rough, was loaded and unloaded essentially by hand, by gangs of men who relied chiefly on physical strength and skill and cooperation. Expulsion had no real effect, however, on either the ILWU or Bridges' power within it. Volley after volley crashed into the closely packed mob, searing flesh, blinding, choking, When the ranks broke, mounted police drove in with clubs, trampling those who could not get out of the way. It was, however, more far-seeing than the industrialists, who, in any event, opposed it all, that is, the unions, the New Deal, the reorganization of American capitalism. In 1933, however, Bridges was still an independent or independent enough not to join the red Maritime Workers International Union (MWIU). In protest of the Iraq War, the ILWU encouraged longshore workers to "shut down all West Coast ports" by walking off the job on May 1, 2008, to "make May Day a 'No Peace, No Work' holiday." Posted: (4 days ago)WebThe International Longshoremen's Association is the largest union of maritime workers in North America, representing upwards of 65,000 longshoremen on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, Great Lakes, major U.S. Job Description Ilaunion.org JobsView All Jobs STEADY JOB POSTINGS ILWU Local 63 Rangers900 3 yr. ago. The Seattle ILA leadership opposed the strike, and stood aside while strikebreakers worked the port. Even "casual workers" those guaranteed no shifts . The San Francisco and Alameda County Central Labor Councils voted to call a general strike in support of the longshoremen, shutting down much of San Francisco and the Bay Area for four days, ending with the union's agreement to arbitrate the remaining issues in dispute. The Roosevelt administration believed that the chaos of the industrial system had to be reined in, regulated. The outcome of the strike, in the most immediate sense, then, was at best inconclusive. . On May 24, Ryan, dressed in splendor a pin striped, tailored suit, painted tie, diamond rings strode into San Francisco, to announce that the only issue was recognition by the employers of the ILA as the waterfront union.