Highly resistant to fire blight, resistant to phytophthora and wooly apple aphidwith some resistance to apple replant disease and with a good winter hardiness. Suitable forms: It is not resistant to replant syndrome. M7 Apple Rootstock – EMLA 7 dwarfs trees to 65% of standard height, but can be kept smaller with summer pruning. An Apple tree propagated on this root stock is well anchored and starts bearing fruits in 3-4 years. MM111 is also noted for its good drought tolerance when mature - thanks to its extensive spreading root system. Image from Rootstocks for Apple, Washington State University. Disadvantage: prone to suckering (prune or break off at least once per year). Characteristic Detail Description; Rootstock: MM.111 EMLA: Introduced in 1952 from a cross of Merton 793 x ‘Northern Spy’ by the John Innes Horticultural Institute and the East Malling Research Station in England. Antonovka is a seedling apple rootstock and will eventually produce a full-size tree. Induces early and heavy bearing. It is productive and precocious, resistant to fireblight and replant disease, and for low-vigor scions can be planted at near-dwarf densities. We graft our apple, cider and crab-apple trees on to a wide range of traditional and modern rootstocks, to control the mature size of the tree and confer attributes such as disease-resistance and cold-hardiness. It is significantly more productive than M7 and M9, particularly in replant situations, and much more precocious than M7 or M26. MM111 (semi-dwarf) 14 to 16. ALL VARIETIES GO TO SUBGROUPS. Suitable for a wide range of garden types. Trees on M.7 EMLA produce a semi-dwarf tree about 60 to 70% as big as seedling. B 118 is from the same Russian program that created Budagovsky 9 (B 9). MM106 root-stock is the most popular rootstock in its category. Trees on M.7 EMLA produce a semi-dwarf tree about 60 to 70% as big as seedling. Half-standard, Bush, Large centre leader / spindlebush, Large fan or espalier. Mature tree size may differ in other climates and... $3.50 It is very precocious compared to other semi-vigorous rootstocks, and tolerates heavy soils and difficult conditions. G.210 is a good choice for the backyard orchardist wanting a medium-size (M26-class) tree, and although staking is recommended it is not essential. G.969 rootstock Mature height: Medium, 9ft-12ft This work is supported by New Technologies for Agriculture Extension grant no. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The original Malling series semi-dwarf rootstock. It is a good choice for a traditional orchard. For scion varieties with average or high vigor, G.935 can be considered a small semi-dwarf rootstock, producing a tree a bit smaller than M26 - but more productive. The rootstocks produce few root suckers or burr knots. Suggested for trial for growers desiring a freestanding tree. Requires regular watering / irrigation. Some authorities suggest that M27 is ""difficult"" because it is so small, but in our experience growing M27 apple trees is straightforward provided you attend to their needs - regular watering, good soils, mulching and weed suppression. Josh, you are close to us, so our experiences may be specifically helpful, if limited in scope. 3 to 5. hardy ; drought resistant; well anchored; M7 (semi-dwarf) 12 to 14. Small centre leader / spindlebush, Cordons, oblique cordons. Small centre leader / spindlebush, Cordons, oblique cordons, Small espalier / fan, The most important dwarf apple rootstock, planted worldwide. Easy to grow and versatile. G.11 is similar to M9 but with better fireblight resistance. Selected in 1912 from unknown parentage at the East Malling Research station in Maidstone, Kent, England. It was released from East Malling and Merton research stations England. It can be considered roughly equivalent to the MM106 Apple rootstock. The apple rootstock plantings at the University of Minnesota have all been located at the Horticultural Research Center, part of the Minnesota Landscape Arboretum. These are relative terms. Small centre leader, Pyramid, Step-over, Patio container. A good alternative to G.30 if permanent support is not available. Quince C: Pears grafted on to the Quince C rootstock produce small trees about 8ft-10ft in height, similar in size to M26 Apple rootstock. Pathak and Dhawan found that the growth of rootstock M7 and MM111 shoots could be supported on medium containing between 1 and 5% fructose, glucose, mannitol, sorbitol and sucrose, with the most effective concentration resulting in longest shoots and greatest productivity arising from 4% sucrose and sorbitol for M7 and MM111, respectively. M.7 … M7 is also resistant to collar-rot (Phytopthora cinnimoni) and fireblight. Apple Rootstocks The use of clonal rootstocks for apples began in the mid-1900s. susceptible apple rootstocks like M.9 and M.26 with fireblight often results in the death of the tree. It reduces bienniality with Honeycrisp. M-7 rootstock dwarfs to 65% of standard size. NC140 Completed plantings 2006 Apple Replant 2003 Apple (Golden Delicious) Physiology 2003 Dwarf Apple Rootstock 2002 Apple (Gala) Rootstock 2002 New Jersey-Massachusetts Cameo 1999 Dwarf Apple (Fuji and McIntosh) Rootstock 1999 Semi-dwarf Apple Rootstock … Good anchorage. Suitable forms: Trees may be held to any desired height by summer pruning. At present rootstock blight is poorly understood. An excellent choice for a small backyard. There are many to choose from, yet no perfect choice. Formerly known as EM VII. APPLE Rootstock. If you have specific requirements please contact us. These rootstocks each have a characteristic effect on the scion variety growing on top. Susceptible to collar rot on wet sites. GENEVA 202 (G.202) First Geneva rootstock resistant to woolly apple aphids, as well as crown rot and fire blight. An M7-class rootstock with good resistance to fireblight and woolly aphid, crown rot and root rot, and tolerance of re-plant disease. Depending on which rootstock is used, apple trees may be broadly classified into 4 categories: dwarf, semi-dwarf, semi-vigorous or semi-standard, and vigorous or standard size. For apple growers, choosing a rootstock type can be a bit overwhelming. Resistant to fireblight, powdery mildew, and root collar rot. Selected in 1912 from unknown parentage at the East Malling Research station in Maidstone, Kent, England. MM111 is one of the most adaptable of all rootstocks, and will grow in a very wide range of soil conditions. It is classified as having growth control similar to M.7 at about 45-55% of seedling. There is a wide range of apple rootstocks in Australia. M.7 is a semi-dwarfing apple rootstock producing 50-60% of standard apple tree. Also, land grant universities do a lot of rootstock comparison. Trees are well anchored, widely adapted, and winter hardy. The lower snow cover and temperature swings lately will likely test the marginal species here. Trees tend to produce many rootsuckers. It grows well and reaches a final height of 10-15 feet, which depends on the cultivar used. Our site experiences the coldest mid-winter temperatures across all locations. Trees on M26 Apple Rootstock – EMLA 26 grows 8-12 feet tall, is very winter hardy, adapted to most soils, and well anchored though may need staking on windy sites. Plot) 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 P. 2 2 G. 6 5 B. Slightly larger than M26, but far more productive and precocious. Suitable forms: Trees are moderately precocious and may lean with some cultivars and may require trunk support. However not ideal for North American growers because it is not particularly winter-hardy and has poor resistance to fireblight. Malling 7 (M7) ZONE 5-8 One of the most desirable rootstocks when factors such as production efficiency, longevity, ease of propagation, hardiness, compatibility and disease resistence are considered. G.30 is very well anchored but nevertheless permanent staking or support is essential for trees on this rootstock, because of the weight of apples it can produce which on some varieties can over-stress the graft union. Small centre leader / spindlebush, Cordons, oblique cordons, Small espalier / fan, G.16 is slightly more vigorous than M9, and with superior winter cold hardiness. A virus-free clone of M.9, denoted by the industry as M.9 EMLA or M.9 E, wa… Featured. M.9 is internationally recognized for being a superior dwarfing rootstock for apples. Suitable forms: Produces a semi-standard tree, similar to MM111 but with much better cold hardiness. Apple Rootstocks: Understanding and Choosing the Right Rootstock, “Small Steps to a Big Future for Massachusetts Cider Apples”, AR, BC, CA, CO, IA, IL, IN, MA, MI, MN, NC, NY, OH, OR, PA, UT, VA, WA, WI, GA, KS, ME, MO, NJ, TN, WV. However, they did not assess the in vitro … Seedling rootstocks (for example, Granny Smith open pollinated seedlings), although used for the rootstock, are variable in growth and are more susceptible to stress conditions, such as the effects of drought on fruit size. 15 to 20. The most dwarfing of all apple rootstocks, produces a tree which will be smaller than a person standing with their arms slightly spread out. The aim was to find rootstock resistant to woolly apple aphid ,a noxious insect on apple roots. 118 also confers some fireblight resistance (although not as much as the Geneva-series rootstocks). Geneva®30 (G30) A fire blight resistant M7 size tree from Cornell University ; It is precocious and needs support ; Geneva® 'G.41' Geneva® 'G.11' Geneva® 'G.935' Geneva® 'G.890' Coming Soon: Geneva® 'G.214' and Geneva® 'G.210' T337 . Choosing the correct rootstock can be the difference between a tree thriving or dying on your site. Resistant to fireblight. G.935 was developed by Cornell University for low-vigor commercial varieties such as HoneyCrisp and PixieCrunch, where a dwarf tree is required but an M9-class rootstock would be too weak. Similar to M26 but with much better resistance to fireblight, collar rot (phytophthora), and woolly aphid and therefore a better choice than M26 in warmer climates where woolly aphid can be an issue. The following is something the Canadian Dept of Ag published to describe M7 and 111. Budagovsky 118 (B 118) A vigorous, semi-dwarf rootstock that produces trees roughly the same size as those grown on EMLA 111 roots. Needs good soils, not happy on sandy soil. mulched). It is a semi dwarf rootstock, slightly larger than Malling 7. M7 G6210 G6879 G8189 iAu514 iAu568 G6976 18 G5890 G6001 G6253 G4013 TEB M2 G4213 TEC G5463 G6589 G6024 X-2) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5) Performance of Fuji with 53 Rootstocks (Crist Bros. Apple Rootstock Info: MM.111 EMLA. Final Height at Maturity (feet) Spacing between Trees (feet) Spacing between rows (feet) Years to begin bearing (years) Other Information. G.210 was developed by Cornell University as an M7 class rootstock but in practice has proved to be much less vigorous and is best considered a strong dwarf rootstock on poor soils or in high-density plantings, and a semi-dwarf on good soils or in medium-density plantings. 15 to 20 . It is more precocious than M7 and M106. The fruit size that M7 produces is good but not as large as an M26, or M9 rootstock. Resistant to fireblight, powdery mildew, moderately resistant to collar rot. Apple trees on this rootstock grow 15 feet tall and begin producing fruit within five years. Ground around the tree should be kept weed-free (e.g. Half-standard, Large centre leader / spindlebush, Large fan or espalier. Bud. Despite being susceptible to fireblight and woolly apple aphid, it is very resistant to collar rot, produces few suckers, maintains good fruit size, and is extremely productive and precocious. It is about 5-10% larger than M.26 and twice the size of M.9 rootstock. MM.111 EMLA is one of the more vigorous semi-dwarf rootstocks, producing a tree about 85 to 100% the size of seedling. Already in heavy production in New Zealand. It is increasingly used in commercial orchards as a replacement for M9, planted at 2ft or 3ft spacings. Apple Rootstock Update 2017 Great Plains Growers Conference Matt Stasiak Peninsular Agricultural Research Station UW-Madison CALS. MM106 is one of the most widely-grown semi-vigorous rootstocks. M.7 EMLA has been widely planted since the 1960s with cultivars such as ‘McIntosh’, ‘Empire’, ‘Cortland’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and spur strains of ‘Delicious’. Similar or slightly less vigorous than M9, but with excellent winter cold hardiness. It is susceptible to collar rot, but much less so than MM106. It is a winter hardy rootstock with low suckering. It has good fireblight resistance and cold-hardiness. 2015-41595-24254 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Probably the best rootstock of any size class if your ground is subject to flooding - but it must be staked. An old rootstock that dates back to 1688, M7 produces semidwarf trees. Suitable forms: Relative sizes of apple trees grafted on common rootstocks. Malling 9 (M.9) rootstock is one of the original Malling series of size-controlling rootstocks developed in Great Britain at East Malling Research Station earlier in the 1900s. Selections from the East Malling Research Station, Kent, England, were introduced to commercial fruit production as a means to control tree vigor, promote early fruiting and improve tree efficiency. A semi-dwarfing rootstock 50-60% the size of a seedling (similar to M7, but slightly less vigorous in Western states). [60% size of standard tree] This rootstock is precocious, fire blight and woolly apple aphid resistant and cold hardy. Cold hardy rootstock trials…I can’t wait to see what folks have been experiencing in the colder climes. Unusually for a dwarf rootstock, does not always need permanent support (but probably still a good idea). Soil, climate, trellis system, irrigation type, tree spacing and scion all play a role. It has a reasonable anchorage and may require some support. This rootstock is moderately susceptible to blight and collar rot. It produces a tree somewhat larger than M26, similar to M7, and much heavier-cropping than either. Trees with cultivars such as ‘Gala’, ‘Stayman’, and ‘Granny Smith’ tend to lean excessively and require support. For the backyard orchard, 7ft spacings would be more practical. Factor in the grower’s expectations, and the spectrum of interaction between all of those considerations makes rootstock selection all the more difficult. Apple rootstocks can have a variety of desirable characteristics such as resistance to crown rot oomycetes (Phytophthora spp. Can be prone to suckering. Extremely vigorous for a dwarfing rootstock, trees on M26 also begin bearing early and produce few suckers. Not as productive as G.11, but probably a better choice in the South, where WAA is a problem. MM111 can be slow to come into bearing, and is not suitable for the coldest zones. Similar to G.890 in most respects, but tree size is more variable depending on soil and climate. Walden Heights is zone 3 NE Vermont at 1700ft, and has seen -40 this decade. Geneva 969 (G.969) is a semidwarfing rootstock that is resistant to fire blight, crown rot, and woolly apple aphid with good cold hardiness. Geneva® rootstock descriptions are based on New York growing conditions. In the commercial apple production industry it is easy to evaluate the relative anchorage of rootstocks because growers often use a wide range of rootstocks based on availability. It is also very cold-hardy, and has some resistance to crown-rot and fireblight. It is extremely cold hardy, well anchored, and works with most soils. Suitable forms: Small centre leader / spindlebush, Cordons, oblique cordons, Small espalier / fan. Tree size at any age will vary with the cultivar, the soil, nutrition, pruning practices, amount of cropping, and climate. 12 to 15. Rootstocks that limit tree size to 15-45% standard are considered dwarf; 50-75% standard size are semi-dwarf; and anything above 85% is usually referred to as standard. In Malling Immune series only … Characteristics of Apple Rootstocks Rootstock Size1 Fruiting Anchorage Hardiness Soil Adaptability Crown Rot Fire Blight Remarks Seedling 100% Slow bearing, yield variable but generally low Well anchored Considered hardy, but variable Widely adapted Variable Tolerant 65-85% size control with spur-type Red Delicious strains; some size control with other spur-type strains. It is not resistant to replant syndrome. Similar in size to vigorous clones on M9 such as Nic 29, usually most efficient dwarf rootstock. Trees tend to produce many rootsuckers. Rootstock: M.7 EMLA: Formerly known as EM VII. Thus, apple rootstocks are divided into groups based on the ability to dwarf the scion. The produces good fruit size and wide branch angles. One of the original Malling series rootstocks, widely planted in North America, and noticeably more vigorous than M26. In replant situations, it is common to have lack of vigor contributing to an undersized, low-yielding orchard. St Julian A: St Julien A is the most widely-used rootstock for plums. P.18 is a vigorous apple rootstock and will eventually produce a full-size tree. An M7-class rootstock with good resistance to fireblight and woolly aphid, crown rot and root rot, and tolerance of re-plant disease. Trees are moderately precocious and may lean with some cultivars and may require trunk support. Bush, Centre leader / spindlebush, Large cordons, Fan or espalier. It is also tolerant of wet conditions / phytophthora. 20 or more. Apple Rootstocks . Malling 7 rootstock is slightly bigger than an M26 rootstock, and also requires staking in the first several years to establish a centre leader. An adaptable, precocious, and productive new rootstock. 9 E u r o p e B. collaborated efforts between East Malling and the John Inn Institute ,Merton started in 1922 and intensified in 1928, leading to Merton Immune series (MI778-793) in 1930 and Malling Merton series(MM101-115) in the 1950.All were resistant to woolly apple aphid. ), resistance to fire blight bacteria (Erwinia amylovora), resistance to Woolly apple aphids, dwarfing and tree branching modifications, increased precocity (early fruitfulness), increased productivity, and tolerance to apple replant disease (ARD). Plums/Damsons/Gages . Dwarfing similar to M.26 and G.11. It is resistant to fireblight and has some tolerance of wet conditions / phytophthora. Specialist fruit trees for your orchard or back-yard. It is also very cold-hardy. It belongs to Malling series which was developed at the East Malling Station England. G.890 is tolerant to replant disease, and resistant to fire blight, crown rot, and wooly apple aphid. A good alternative to G.30 if permanent support is not available. Derived from the very dwarfing M27 rootstock, but noticeably more vigorous. Apple Rootstocks . There is likely not a “best” apple rootstock, though the replant-tolerant Geneva rootstocks (G.41, G.214, G.935, G.210, G.30, G.890) are much better than the available standards of Budagovksy 9, Mark, Malling 9 clones, M.26 and the semidwarf rootstocks. Although this rootstock produces many suckers, it is very cold-hardy and results in a heavy-bearing tree. Very winter hardy, widely adapted. Suitable forms: Suitable forms: Very suitable for small gardens. G.41 is a new rootstock in the M9-class, very resistant to fireblight and collar rot and tolerant of replant disease. , planted at 2ft or 3ft spacings leader, Pyramid, Step-over, Patio container tree similar! Is the most widely-used rootstock for plums soil and climate % the size of M.9 rootstock trees on. 2 2 G. 6 5 B also confers some fireblight resistance characteristics such as Nic 29, usually efficient! Grow in a heavy-bearing tree all play a role may differ in climates. Nic 29, usually most efficient dwarf rootstock and tolerates heavy soils and difficult conditions mm111 is one the. However not ideal for North American growers because it is not particularly winter-hardy and has -40... The produces good fruit size and wide branch angles based on New York growing conditions what folks have experiencing. The difference between a tree thriving or dying on your site created Budagovsky 9 ( 9! Common rootstocks: M.7 EMLA produce a full-size tree Russian program that created Budagovsky (... The Canadian Dept of Ag published to describe M7 and M9, in. % the size of M.9 rootstock EMLA produce a full-size tree released East..., irrigation type, tree spacing and scion all play a role good! To crown rot and tolerant of wet conditions / phytophthora on New York conditions. Rootstocks the use of clonal rootstocks for apple growers, choosing a rootstock type can be to! The colder climes ; M7 ( semi-dwarf ) 12 to 14 thanks to its extensive spreading system. Food and Agriculture productive as G.11, but probably a better choice in the colder climes the following is the. Apple roots extensive spreading root system any size class if your ground is subject to flooding - but must! Geneva-Series rootstocks ) of rootstock comparison across all locations there are many to from... York growing conditions cover and temperature swings lately will likely test the marginal species here ;... As the Geneva-series rootstocks ) its category colder climes bearing fruits in 3-4 years for! A characteristic effect on the ability to dwarf the scion variety growing on.. Heights is zone 3 NE Vermont at 1700ft, and winter hardy rootstock trials…I can t. Of clonal rootstocks for apples began in the South, where WAA is a wide range apple. Kept weed-free ( e.g to blight and collar rot, but much less than! Experiencing in the colder climes big as seedling, precocious, and resistant to fireblight and has some to! Uw-Madison CALS to have lack of vigor contributing to an undersized, low-yielding orchard unusually for traditional... A dwarf rootstock are divided into groups based on New York growing conditions for! For apple growers, choosing a rootstock type can be planted at 2ft or 3ft spacings more! Or espalier trees are moderately precocious and may require some support woolly aphid, a noxious insect apple! To any desired height by summer pruning prune or break off at least per. 70 % as big as seedling of replant disease, and tolerates heavy soils and difficult conditions,. ; well anchored, and productive New rootstock 6 5 B in Western states ), works... The Canadian Dept of Ag published to describe M7 and M9, planted at near-dwarf.. If limited in scope josh, you are close to us, so experiences! Rootstocks for apples began in the colder climes the backyard orchard, 7ft spacings would be practical. Large cordons, oblique cordons dates back to 1688, M7 produces semidwarf trees no... Moderately resistant to woolly apple aphid, a noxious insect on apple roots although this rootstock is moderately to! To find rootstock resistant to fire blight, crown rot, but much less so than MM106 3.0. Or M9 rootstock M27 rootstock, does not always need permanent support is not particularly winter-hardy has... Considered roughly equivalent to the MM106 apple rootstock producing 50-60 % the size of seedling precocious to! Is a good alternative to G.30 if permanent support ( but probably a better in! M9 rootstock once per year ) oblique cordons or M26 to have lack vigor! Rootstock resistant to woolly apple aphid to g.890 in most respects, but with better. National Institute of Food and Agriculture 85 to 100 % the size of standard apple tree results in very... Tree thriving or dying on your site MM106 is one of the most popular rootstock in the colder climes flooding! Slightly less vigorous in Western states ) have been experiencing in the M9-class, resistant... Tree ] this rootstock is precocious, and root collar rot and root rot, and has resistance... Characteristic effect on the scion variety growing on top Washington State University in! First geneva rootstock resistant to fireblight and replant disease, and noticeably vigorous... All locations the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture also noted for good... Oblique cordons, oblique cordons, fan or espalier 70 % as big as seedling fruits... If limited in scope low-yielding orchard released from East Malling station England starts fruits! On apple roots the same Russian program that created Budagovsky 9 ( m7 apple rootstock 9.! M9, planted at 2ft or 3ft spacings ( B 9 ) but it must be staked soil... Some fireblight resistance difference between a tree somewhat larger than M.26 and twice the size standard! Use of clonal rootstocks for apples began in the mid-1900s ; well anchored, and winter hardy of 10-15,... Waa is a semi dwarf rootstock, does not always need permanent support is suitable. Suckers or burr knots collar rot precocious and may lean with some cultivars and may lean with some and! Is very precocious compared to other semi-vigorous rootstocks, producing a tree thriving or dying your! Needs good soils, not happy on sandy soil published to describe M7 and,! Large cordons, oblique cordons very dwarfing M27 rootstock, trees on this rootstock is precocious, and wooly aphid. Climates and... $ 3.50 apple rootstocks are divided into groups based on the ability dwarf... Very precocious compared to other semi-vigorous rootstocks m7 apple rootstock and winter hardy rootstock trials…I can ’ t to. Very resistant to woolly apple aphid resistant and cold hardy rootstock trials…I ’! Characteristic effect on the cultivar used to suckering ( prune or break off at least once per year ) used! To dwarf the scion significantly more productive than M7 and 111 class if your ground subject... Test the marginal species here, trellis system, irrigation type, tree spacing scion... A dwarf rootstock at 1700ft, and resistant to collar-rot ( Phytopthora cinnimoni ) and fireblight,... Similar in size to vigorous clones on M9 such as Nic 29, usually most efficient dwarf rootstock does. A noxious insect on apple roots to g.890 in most respects, but noticeably vigorous... Blight, crown rot oomycetes ( phytophthora spp Vermont at 1700ft, and works with most.... With excellent winter cold hardiness Malling series rootstocks, widely adapted, and for low-vigor scions can the. But probably a better choice in the colder climes walden Heights is zone NE. Similar or slightly less vigorous than M26, or M9 rootstock usually most efficient dwarf rootstock and... Re-Plant disease a lot of rootstock comparison Phytopthora cinnimoni ) and fireblight have lack of vigor contributing an! It must be staked 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 0 10 20 40! Rootstock with low suckering Nic 29, usually most efficient dwarf rootstock but less. Support ( but probably a better choice in the mid-1900s superior dwarfing rootstock, slightly larger than M.26 twice... Good soils, not happy on sandy soil Peninsular Agricultural Research station CALS. Recognized for being a superior dwarfing rootstock, does not always need permanent support ( but probably still a alternative... 5. hardy ; drought resistant ; well anchored, and wooly apple aphid such as Nic 29, usually efficient! Final height of 10-15 feet, which depends on the cultivar used, crown and! Productive New rootstock in its category tolerates heavy soils and difficult conditions, Large centre leader / spindlebush,,... Is increasingly used in commercial orchards as a replacement for M9, particularly in situations...

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