The aircraft's long range and heavy payload (18,000 pounds or 8,200 kilograms) coupled with its ability to fly in all weather made it invaluable during the war. A-6 Intruder Design The Navy issued a request for proposals in 1956 and Boeing, Lockheed, Bell, Grumman, Douglas, Martin, Vought and North American submitted 11 designs for a two-seat, subsonic attack bomber. [citation needed], The Intruder was equipped to carry and launch nuclear weapons (B43, B57, B61) and Navy crews regularly planned for assigned nuclear missions. A very similar wing would be put on pivots on Grumman's later supersonic swing-wing Grumman F-14 Tomcat, as well as similar landing gear. A-6 Intruders were later used in support of other operations, such as the Multinational Force in Lebanon in 1983. James Buchanan Busey (* 2. [27] The Intruder remained in service for a few more years before being retired in favor of the LANTIRN-equipped F-14D Tomcat, which was in turn replaced by the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet in the U.S. Navy and the twin-seat F/A-18D Hornet in the U.S. Marine Corps. [13] The last A-6E was delivered in 1992. The Prowler has been replaced by the EA-18G Growler in the U.S. Navy and was retired from USMC service in 2019. On 19 April 1960, the prototype performed the type's maiden flight. USD 6.78 . The BN could use both TRAM imagery and radar data for extremely accurate attacks, or use the TRAM sensors alone to attack without using the Intruder's radar (which might warn the target). December 1996 – January 1997, Volume 11 (5). These included a wide array of attack missions ranging from anti-aircraft suppression and ground support to destroying naval targets and conducting strategic bombing. It released a request for proposals (RFP) in February 1957. The Grumman A-6 Intruder was introduced in 1963 and served as the Navy’s and Marine Corps’ premier medium/all-weather attack aircraft all the way through the 1990s. The A-6 was developed during the late 1950s and early 1960s in response to a requirement issued by the United States Navy for an all-weather jet-powered carrier-based attack aircraft. There were two levels, known as "Line BACE" to identify specific malfunctioning systems in the aircraft, while in the hangar or on the flight line; and "Shop BACE", to exercise and analyze individual malfunctioning systems in the maintenance shop. Only 28 EA-6As were built (two prototypes, 15 new-build, and 11 conversions from A-6As), serving with U.S. Marine Corps squadrons in Vietnam. [32] The A-6B had many of its standard attack systems removed in favor of specialized equipment to detect and track enemy radar sites and to guide AGM-45 Shrike and AGM-78 Standard anti-radiation missiles, with AN/APQ-103 radar replacing earlier AN/APQ-92 used in the A-6A, plus AN/APN-153 navigational radar replacing earlier AN/APN-122, again used in the A-6A. In 1970, a night attack variant, the A-6C, was also developed which incorporated improved radar and ground sensors. [20] The Intruder was also equipped with the "Deceleron", a type of airbrake on the wings with two panels that opened in opposite directions; in this case, one panel went up, while another went down. USD 199.99 … Three years later, A-6s participated in the bombing of Libya following Colonel Muammar Gaddafi's support of terrorist activities. Bestill nå . TRAM also allowed the Intruder to autonomously designate and drop laser-guided bombs. Vietnam/Cold War: Grumman A-6 Intruder. https://commons.wikimedia.org › wiki › Grumman_A-6_Intruder [9] In general, flight testing experiences of the prototypes were positive. Later in the 1980s, two Naval Reserve A-7 Corsair II light attack squadrons, VA-205 and VA-304, were reconstituted as medium attack squadrons with the A-6E at NAS Atlanta, Georgia and NAS Alameda, California, respectively. On 4 December, one LTV A-7 Corsair II and one Intruder were downed by Syrian missiles. Despite the production of new airframes in the 164XXX Bureau Number (BuNo) series just before and after the Gulf War, augmented by a rewinging program of older airframes, the A-6E and KA-6D were quickly phased out of service in the mid-1990s in a U.S. Navy cost-cutting move driven by the Office of the Secretary of Defense to reduce the number of different type/model/series (T/M/S) of aircraft in carrier air wings and U.S. Marine aircraft groups. Employing the new Norden AN/APQ-148 multi-mode radar and AN/ASN-92 inertial navigation system, the A-6E also utilized the Carrier Aircraft Inertial Navigation System. In the course of the fighting, three A-6s were lost to enemy fire. Alternative SKUs for Master AM-32-123: Merk: Priser og tilgjengelighet er kun indikasjoner. The DIANE system was removed and an internal refueling system was added, sometimes supplemented by a D-704 refueling pod on the centerline pylon. 12 A-6As were converted in 1970 to A-6C standard for night attack missions against the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Vietnam. The airmen ejected and were rescued by a Navy helicopter. The retirement of the aircraft left a gap in US Navy and Marine Corps refueling tanker capability. Powered by two Pratt & Whitney J52-P6 engines mounted along the fuselage, the prototypes featured nozzles that could rotate downward for shorter takeoffs and landings. Moving forward, Mead's team created an aircraft that utilized a rare side-by-side seating arrangement where the pilot sat on the left with the bombardier/navigator slightly below and to the right. Jetzt bestellen. The initial version of the Intruder was built around the complex and advanced DIANE (Digital Integrated Attack/Navigation Equipment) suite, intended to provide a high degree of bombing accuracy even at night and in poor weather. In 1990, the decision was made to terminate production of the A-6. [18], The Grumman A-6 Intruder is a two-seat twin-engined monoplane, equipped to perform carrier-based attack missions regardless of prevailing weather or light conditions. A-6 Intruders first saw action during the Vietnam War, where the craft were used extensively against targets in Vietnam. In April 1960, the aircraft performed its maiden flight and was introduced in 1963. An advanced A-6F Intruder II was proposed in the mid-1980s that would have replaced the Intruder's elderly Pratt & Whitney J52 turbojets with non-afterburning versions of the General Electric F404 turbofan used in the F/A-18 Hornet, providing substantial improvements in both power and fuel economy. Proceeding in parallel with the career of the A-6 Intruder was the development of the EA-6 Prowler electronic warfare aircraft. 159579 TPS; Geschichte . The eight prototypes and pre-production Intruder aircraft were sometimes referred to with the YA-6A designation. Twenty U.S. Navy aircraft carriers rotated through the waters of Southeast Asia, providing air strikes, from the early 1960s through the early 1970s. A swept-wing, mid-monoplane, the A2F-1 utilized a large tail structure and possessed two engines. The company was awarded a contract for the development of their submission, which had been re-designated A2F-1, in February 1958. Many in the US defense establishment in general, and Naval Aviation in particular, questioned the wisdom of a shift to a shorter range carrier-based strike force, as represented by the Hornet and Super Hornet, compared to the older generation aircraft such as the Intruder and Tomcat. The A-6 Intruder continued to serve in this role after Vietnam and one was lost during operations over Lebanon in 1983. It tastel waard in soad brûkt en wie in tsjinst by de Amerikaanske marine, de USN en by de Amerikaanske mariniers, it USMC. Neue Bausatzform. TRAM was matched with a new Norden AN/APQ-156 radar. For its day, the Intruder had sophisticated avionics, with a high degree of integration. World War II: Consolidated B-24 Liberator, Operation El Dorado Canyon and Bombing Libya in 1986, Vietnam War: North American F-100 Super Sabre, M.S., Information and Library Science, Drexel University, B.A., History and Political Science, Pennsylvania State University, 5 hardpoints, 4 on wings, 1 on fuselage capable of carrying 18,000 lbs. The A-6 was in service with the United States Navy and Marine Corps between 1963 and 1997, multiple variants of the type being introduced during this time. An air-data computer and the AN/ASQ-61 ballistics computer integrated the radar information for the bombardier/navigator in the right-hand seat. "Grumman A-6 Intruder". [3] Following evaluation of the bids, the U.S. Navy announced the selection of Grumman on 2 January 1958. Other Intruder units conducted missions in support of US Marine Corps activities in Somalia in 1993 as well as Bosnia in 1994. The A-6 Intruder was in service with the United States Navy as well as the United States Marine Corps and was retired in February 1997 and April … Hinckley, England: Midland Publishing. A-6 Intruder - Background . Five were lost to all causes, and the survivors were later converted to A-6E standard in the late 1970s. [11] Another major difference between the prototypes and production aircraft was present in the design of the jet nozzles; as originally designed, the nozzles were intended to swivel to a downwards position, facilitating shorter takeoffs and landings. Die Grumman A-6 Intruder war das erste Angriffsflugzeug der US Navy, das bei Nacht und schlechtem Wetter Ziele effektiv bekämpfen konnte. Following the success of dedicated ground-attack aircraft, such as the Douglas A-1 Skyraider, during that conflict, the US Navy prepared preliminary requirements for a new carrier-based attack aircraft in 1955. Buttler, Tony (2010). USD 6.78 . At a computer-calculated point in the climb, the weapon would be released, with momentum carrying it upwards and forwards. Admiral James B. Busey IV. [1] It was deployed during various overseas conflicts, including the Vietnam War and the Gulf War. of bombs or missiles. It was designed as a successor for multiple existing medium-sized attack aircraft, such as the piston-engined Douglas A-1 Skyraider. The wing was also designed to provide a favorable level of maneuverability even while carrying a sizable bomb load. Chiếc A-6 Intruder là một kiểu máy bay cường kích hai động cơ, cánh gắn giữa do Grumman Aerospace chế tạo. A co-processor was added to the AN/ASQ-155 computer system to implement the needed MIL-STD-1553 digital interfaces to the pylons, as well as an additional control panel. While the prototypes had this feature installed, it was eliminated from the design during flight testing. [9] According to Gunston and Gilchrist, the wingtip airbrakes were unusual in their function. Entering service in 1963, the A-6 Intruder was the US Navy and US Marine Corps' primary all-weather attack aircraft at the time of the Gulf of Tonkin Incident and US entry into the Vietnam War. "Vietnam/Cold War: Grumman A-6 Intruder." 1996–1997. [31] These were used in the development and testing of the A-6A Intruder. During the Gulf War in 1991, U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps A-6s flew more than 4,700 combat sorties, providing close air support, destroying enemy air defenses, attacking Iraqi naval units, and hitting strategic targets. Grumman A-6 Intruder Pitot Tube, Angle Of Attack and Refueling probe: Nummer: AM-32-123: Skala: 1:32 : Type: Detaljsett : Utgitt: 2021 | Førsteutgivelse - new tool: Tema: Grumman A-6 Intruder » Jet (Fly) Eskens innhold Designet for Markedsplass € 5.47 På lager. The Grumman A-6 Intruder is a twin-engined two-seat carrier-based fighter bomber jet aircraft produced by the US-American manufacturer Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, later Grumman Aerospace Corporation.The A-6 Intruder was operated by the United States Navy and … It was supported in this role by US Air Force attack aircraft such as the Republic F-105 Thunderchief and modified McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom IIs. On April 16, 1960, the prototype first took to the skies. Since the Harpoon and SLAM missiles had common communication interfaces, WCSI aircraft could carry and fire SLAM missiles, but needed a nearby A-6E SWIP to guide them to target. The definitive attack version of the Intruder with vastly upgraded navigation and attack systems, introduced in 1970 and first deployed on 9 December 1971. Schnelle Lieferung, große Auswahl, gesicherte Zahlung. These aircraft were always in short supply, and frequently were "cross decked" from a returning carrier to an outgoing one. To provide U.S. Navy squadrons with a defense suppression aircraft to attack enemy antiaircraft defense and SAM missile systems, a mission dubbed "Iron Hand" by the U.S. Navy, 19 A-6As were converted to A-6B version during 1967 to 1970. To replace both the KA-3B and EA-3B Skywarrior during the early 1970s, 78 A-6As and 12 A-6Es were converted for use as tanker aircraft, providing aerial refueling support to other strike aircraft. The A-6's final wartime missions came in 1991 during the Gulf War. Flying as part of Operation Desert Sword, US Navy and Marine Corps A-6s flew 4,700 combat sorties. It would then depart from the area at maximum acceleration. A veteran in working with the US Navy, Grumman had designed earlier aircraft such as the F4F Wildcat, F6F Hellcat, and F9F Panther. The U.S. Navy published an operational requirement document for it in October 1956. A-6E's Intruder Country; A Tribute to the Grumman A-6 Intruder by Darryl Shaw A-6 Tribute includes the must see Low Flight by Anonymous "Oh! 2014. The A-6 was intended to be superseded by the McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II, but this program was ultimately canceled due to cost overruns. bomb load. It released a request for proposals (RFP) in February 1957. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/grumman-a-6-intruder-2361070. A new AN/ASN-92 inertial navigation system was added, along with the CAINS (Carrier Aircraft Inertial Navigation System), for greater navigation accuracy. [5], Grumman's design team was led by Robert Nafis and Lawrence Mead, Jr.[3] Mead later played a lead role in the design of the Lunar Excursion Module and the Grumman F-14 Tomcat. Trumpeter. Total A-6A production was 480, excluding the prototype and pre-production aircraft. Further modifications were made, which successfully resolved the issue, via the fitting of split-hinged speed-brakes on the aircraft's wing-tips. This design experience was taken into consideration by NASA in their November 1962 decision to choose Grumman over other companies like General Dynamics-Convair (the F-111 had computerized avionics capabilities comparable to the A-6, but did not fly until 1964) to build the Lunar Excursion Module, which was a small-sized spacecraft with two onboard computers. Because the A-6 was a low-flying attack aircraft, a semi-automated toss bombing method was developed. Hickman, Kennedy. The A-6F would have had totally new avionics, including a Norden AN/APQ-173 synthetic aperture radar and multi-function cockpit displays – the APQ-173 would have given the Intruder air-to-air capacity with provision for the AIM-120 AMRAAM. [29] Surviving aircraft fitted with the new wings, as well as later production aircraft (i.e., BuNo 164XXX series) not earmarked for museum or non-flying static display were stored at the AMARG storage center at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona.[30]. The Grumman A-6 Intruder can trace its roots back to the Korean War. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/grumman-a-6-intruder-2361070. Die Grumman A-6 Intruder war ein Kampfflugzeug der US-Marine, das abgeleitete Modell EA-6 Prowler ein Flugzeug für die elektronische Kampfführung. De Grumman A-6 Intruder wie in Amerikaansk militêr oanfalsfleantúch mei twa motors, dat ein jierren fyftich ûntwurpen waard foar de Marine fan de Feriene Steaten. The WCSI aircraft was eventually modified to have a limited capability to use the AGM-84E SLAM standoff land attack missile. Sie soll 2019 außer Dienst gestellt werden. Die A-6 war zwischen 1960 und 1997 im Dienst, die EA-6 wird seit 1970 eingesetzt. Many KA-6 airframes had severe G restrictions, as well as fuselage stretching due to almost continual use and high number of catapults and traps. The Grumman A-6 Intruder is an American twinjet all-weather attack aircraft developed and manufactured by American aircraft company Grumman Aerospace that was operated by the U.S. Navy. A vastly improved Sperry Corporation AN/APQ-127 radar replaced the AN/APG-46 fire control radar. Hildebrandt, Erik. After a series of wing-fatigue problems, about 85% of the fleet was fitted with new graphite/epoxy/titanium/aluminum composite wings. The EA-18G employs an altered F/A-18 Super Hornet airframe. Flying from American aircraft carriers off the coast, Intruders struck targets across North and South Vietnam for the duration of the conflict. However, the availability of USAF Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker and McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender tankers modified to accommodate USN, USMC and NATO tactical aircraft in all recent conflicts was considered by certain senior decision makers in the Department of Defense to put a lesser premium on organic aerial refueling capability in the U.S. Navy's carrier air wings and self-contained range among carrier-based strike aircraft. In addition, the Intruder used Airborne Moving Target Indicator (AMTI), which allowed the aircraft to track a moving target (such as a tank or truck) and drop ordnance on it even though the target was moving. The last variant to be produced was the A-6E, first introduced in 1972; it features extensive avionics improvements, including the new APQ-148 multimode radar, along with minor airframe refinements. Dorr, Robert F. "Grumman A-6 Intruder& EA-6 Prowler". Mead's team elected not to retain this feature in the production models. The earlier separate search and track (fire control) radars of the A-6A/B/C were replaced by a single Norden AN/APQ-148 multi-mode radar, and onboard computers with a more sophisticated (and generally more reliable) IC based system, as opposed to the A-6A's DIANE discrete transistor-based technology. [15][16] Instead, a life-extension program involving the re-winging of existing A-6E aircraft was undertaken; initially a metal wing had been used before a graphite-epoxy composite wing was developed during the late 1980s. They were also the U.S. Navy's primary strike platform for delivering laser-guided bombs. The EA-6B took on the duties of the U.S. Air Force EF-111 Raven when the DoD decided to let the U.S. Navy handle all electronic warfare missions. In the early 1990s, some surviving A-6Es were upgraded under SWIP (Systems/Weapons Improvement Program) to enable them to use the latest precision-guided munitions, including AGM-65 Mavericks, AGM-84E SLAMs, AGM-62 Walleyes and the AGM-88 HARM anti-radiation missile as well as additional capability with the AGM-84 Harpoon. The squadrons involved were VA-34 "Blue Blasters" (from USS America) and VA-55 "Warhorses" (from USS Coral Sea). ", "Coalition Fixed-Wing Combat Aircraft Attrition in Desert Storm. In 1967, with US Navy aircraft embroiled in the Vietnam War, the process began to convert several A-6As into A-6Bs which were intended to serve as defense suppression aircraft. Northrop Grumman A-6 Intruder by R.Madison All Weather Attack - Marine A-6 - most excellent indeed!! [9], Early production aircraft were fitted with both the fuselage and wingtip air brakes, although the fuselage-mounted items were soon bolted shut, and were removed from later aircraft. Hickman, Kennedy. This added the ability to carry and target some of the first generation precision guided weapons, like the AGM-84 Harpoon missile, and AGM-123 Skipper. Hickman, Kennedy. This equipment was manufactured by Litton Industries. Der Kampfjet wird von der United States Navy und dem United States Marine Corps eingesetzt. Approaching the US Navy with this upgrade, the service declined to move into production as it favored the development of the A-12 Avenger II project. Through the 1970s and 1980s, the A-6 had been in low-rate production of four or five new aircraft a year, enough to replace mostly accidental losses. This type saw extensive service over the next two decades and was often in short supply. Die Grumman A-6 Intruder ist ein zweistrahliger zweisitziger Trägergestützter Jagdbomber des US-amerikanischen Hersteller Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, später Grumman Aerospace Corporation. However, its typical mission profile of flying low to deliver its payload made it especially vulnerable to anti-aircraft fire, and in the eight years the Intruder was used during the Vietnam War, the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps lost a total of 84 A-6 aircraft of various series. [3], The A2F-1 design incorporated several cutting-edge features for the era. USD 131.39 Auf Lager. [4] Grumman's submission was internally designated as the Type G-128. The last Intruder to be lost during the war was from VA-35, flown by LT C. M. Graf and LT S. H. Hatfield, operating from USS America; they were shot down by ground fire on 24 January 1973 while providing close air support. Radars were also upgraded, with the AN/APQ-112 replacing the earlier AN/APQ-103, and an AN/APN-186 navigational radar replacing the earlier AN/APN-153. [16], At the time of retirement, several retired A-6 airframes were awaiting rewinging at the Northrop Grumman facility at St. Augustine Airport, Florida; these were later sunk off the coast of St. Johns County, Florida to form a fish haven named "Intruder Reef". In an attempt to solve this, the third prototype had its horizontal tailplane moved rearwards by 16 inches (41 cm), but this did not completely solve the handling problems. From the A-6, a specialized electronic warfare derivative, the EA-6B Prowler, was developed as well as a KA-6D which was used as a tanker. The Navy Lockheed S-3 Viking filled that gap until the new F/A-18E/F Super Hornet became operational. USD 199.99 Unbekannt. English: The Grumman A-6 Intruder was an attack aircraft, first designated A2F with the U.S. Navy (and with it U.S. Marine Corps) until 18 September 1962 when, with the introduction of the Tri-Service aircraft designation system, all Intruders in service were redesignated A-6. 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Force in Lebanon in 1983 including the Vietnam War and the Gulf War even while carrying a bomb.

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